Egyptian
Etymology
s- (causative prefix) + šmj (“to go”).
Pronunciation
Verb
caus. 3ae inf.
- (transitive) to lead, to guide
Inflection
Conjugation of sšmj (causative third weak / caus. 3ae inf. / caus. III. inf.) — base stem: sšm, geminated stem: sšmm
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
sšmt, sšmj
|
sšmw, sšm
|
sšmt, sšmwt, sšmyt
|
sšm
|
sšm, sšmy
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
sšm
|
ḥr sšmt, ḥr sšmj
|
m sšmt, m sšmj
|
r sšmt, r sšmj
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
sšm.n
|
sšmw, sšm, sšmy
|
consecutive
|
sšm.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
sšmt
|
| perfective3
|
sšm
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
sšm.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
sšm, sšmy
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
sšmw, sšm, sšmy
|
sšmw, sšm, sšmy
|
potentialis1
|
sšm.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
sšm, sšmy
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
sšm.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
sšmw1, sšmy, sšm
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
sšm
|
sšmy, sšm
|
| imperfective
|
sšmm, sšmmy, sšmmw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
sšmm, sšmmj6, sšmmy6
|
sšmm, sšmmw5
|
| prospective
|
sšmw1, sšmy, sšm, sšmtj7
|
—
|
sšmwtj1 4, sšmtj4, sšmt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
|
Derived terms
References
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 162.