Egyptian
Etymology
s- (causative prefix) + ꜥb (“to be dirty”).
Pronunciation
Verb
3-lit.
- (transitive) to saw out
- (transitive) to castrate (cattle)
- (transitive) to circumcise (slave)
- The funerary stela of Uha
- jw sꜥb.kw ḥnꜥ 120 z(w) nn z ḫꜣꜥ jm nn z ḫꜣꜥw jm nn ꜣẖꜥ jm nn ꜣẖꜥw jm
- When I was circumcised, along with 120 men, none therin struck, none therein were struck, none therein scratched, none therein were scratched.
Inflection
Conjugation of sꜥb (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: sꜥb, geminated stem: sꜥbb
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
sꜥb
|
sꜥbw, sꜥb
|
sꜥbt
|
sꜥb
|
sꜥb
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
sꜥb
|
ḥr sꜥb
|
m sꜥb
|
r sꜥb
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
sꜥb.n
|
sꜥbw, sꜥb
|
consecutive
|
sꜥb.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
sꜥbt
|
| perfective3
|
sꜥb
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
sꜥb.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
sꜥb
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
sꜥb
|
sꜥbb
|
potentialis1
|
sꜥb.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
sꜥb
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
sꜥb.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
sꜥb
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
sꜥb
|
sꜥb, sꜥbw5, sꜥby5
|
| imperfective
|
sꜥb, sꜥby, sꜥbw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
sꜥb, sꜥbj6, sꜥby6
|
sꜥb, sꜥbw5
|
| prospective
|
sꜥb, sꜥbtj7
|
—
|
sꜥbtj4, sꜥbt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
|
Synonyms
In the sense of ‘circumcise’:
References
- Dickson, Paul (2006) Dictionary of Middle Egyptian in Gardiner Classification Order[1]