Translingual
Symbol
spr
- (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Saparua.
See also
- Wiktionary’s coverage of Saparua terms
Egyptian
Etymology
Compare Arabic سَفَر (safar)
Pronunciation
Verb
3-lit.
- (intransitive) to arrive (+ r: to arrive at, to get to (some place), to reach (someone))
c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE,
Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 173–174:
- spr.n.n r ẖnw ḥr ꜣbd snwj mj ḏdt.n.f nbt
- We arrived home in two months like everything he had said.
c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE,
Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) line 22:
- jr ḏwt r šd-ḫrw wd qn zp.f spr(.w) r.f
- Evil has been done to the Disturber (Set), he who committed violence; his misdeed has caught up with him.
- (transitive) to reach, to get to (some place or person)
c. 1401 BCE,
Amduat of Amenhotep II (tomb of Amenhotep II, KV35) First Hour, introduction, right parallel, line 10, upper and lower divisions:
- št-mḏwtj jtrw ⟨pḥrt ꜥrr(w)t tn⟩ n(j) sprt wjꜣ dwꜣtjw
- Running to this gateway takes a hundred and twenty schenes before the barque reaches the afterworlders.
Inflection
Conjugation of spr (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: spr, geminated stem: sprr
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
spr
|
sprw, spr
|
sprt
|
spr
|
spr
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
spr
|
ḥr spr
|
m spr
|
r spr
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
spr.n
|
sprw, spr
|
consecutive
|
spr.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
sprt
|
| perfective3
|
spr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
spr.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
spr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
spr
|
sprr
|
potentialis1
|
spr.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
spr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
spr.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
spr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
spr
|
spr, sprw5, spry5
|
| imperfective
|
spr, spry, sprw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
spr, sprj6, spry6
|
spr, sprw5
|
| prospective
|
spr, sprtj7
|
—
|
sprtj4, sprt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of spr
|
|
|
|
| spr
|
spr
|
spr
|
| [Old Kingdom]
|
[Old Kingdom]
|
[since the Middle Kingdom]
|
Derived terms
Verb
3-lit.
- (intransitive) to petition, to appeal (+ n: to; + ḥr: against or about (something))
Inflection
Conjugation of spr (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: spr, geminated stem: sprr
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
spr
|
sprw, spr
|
sprt
|
spr
|
spr
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
spr
|
ḥr spr
|
m spr
|
r spr
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
| perfect
|
spr.n
|
consecutive
|
spr.jn
|
| terminative
|
sprt
|
| perfective3
|
spr
|
obligative1
|
spr.ḫr
|
| imperfective
|
spr
|
| prospective3
|
spr
|
potentialis1
|
spr.kꜣ
|
| subjunctive
|
spr
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
spr.n
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
spr
|
spr
|
spr, sprw5, spry5
|
| imperfective
|
spr, spry, sprw5
|
spr, sprj6, spry6
|
spr, sprw5
|
| prospective
|
spr, sprtj7
|
sprtj4, sprt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of spr
Derived terms
Noun
m
- rib of a human or animal
- ribs as food
Inflection
Declension of spr (masculine)
| singular
|
spr
|
| dual
|
sprwj
|
| plural
|
sprw
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of spr
Descendants
- Bohairic Coptic: ⲥⲫⲓⲣ (sphir)
- Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲡⲓⲣ (spir)
References
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[1], volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 101.10–104.3
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 223
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 87, 196, 239.
- Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, pages 129, 163