Egyptian
Etymology
From s- (causative prefix) + rḫ (“to know, to learn”). The noun is derived from the verb.
Pronunciation
Verb
caus. 2-lit.
- (transitive) to make known, to show or publicly reveal (someone or something) (+ n: to (someone)) [since the Middle Kingdom]
- (transitive) to denounce, to accuse (someone) (+ n: of, regarding; to fault for, to blame for)
Inflection
Conjugation of srḫ (causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.) — base stem: srḫ
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
srḫt, srḫ
|
srḫw, srḫ
|
srḫt
|
srḫ
|
srḫ
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
srḫ
|
ḥr srḫ
|
m srḫ
|
r srḫ
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
srḫ.n
|
srḫw, srḫ
|
consecutive
|
srḫ.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
srḫt
|
| perfective3
|
srḫ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
srḫ.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
srḫ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
srḫw, srḫ, srḫy
|
srḫw, srḫ, srḫy
|
potentialis1
|
srḫ.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
srḫ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
srḫ.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
srḫ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
srḫ
|
srḫ, srḫw5, srḫy5
|
| imperfective
|
srḫ, srḫy, srḫw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
srḫ, srḫj6, srḫy6
|
srḫ, srḫw5
|
| prospective
|
srḫ, srḫtj7
|
—
|
srḫwtj1 4, srḫtj4, srḫt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of srḫ
|
|
|
|
|
|
| srḫ
|
srḫ
|
srḫ
|
srḫ
|
sḫr
|
|
|
|
|
[New Kingdom]
|
[New Kingdom]
|
|
|
sporadic
|
sporadic
|
|
sporadic
|
Noun
m
- notoriety, infamy, bad reputation (+ ḫr: before (someone)) [Middle and New Kingdoms and 26th Dynasty]
c. 1900 BCE,
The Instructions of Kagemni (
pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.10–1.11:
- jr šww m srḫ n t nj sḫm.n mdt nbt jm.f
- As for one who is free of notoriety regarding bread, no word can take control of him.
Usage notes
Usually found negated and with a suffix pronoun attached.
Inflection
Declension of srḫ (masculine)
| singular
|
srḫ
|
| dual
|
srḫwj
|
| plural
|
srḫw
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of srḫ
Noun
m
- palace façade, particularly as a seat for the Horus-falcon and as an enclosure containing the serekh name [since the 18th Dynasty]
- (by extension) throne, seat of a king or god
Inflection
Declension of srḫ (masculine)
| singular
|
srḫ
|
| dual
|
srḫwj
|
| plural
|
srḫw
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of srḫ
Descendants
References
- “srḫ (lemma ID 139590)”, “srḫ (lemma ID 139600)”, and “srḫ (lemma ID 139660)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[2], volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 199.1–199.8, 200.3–200.14
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 236
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 66, 189.