stosunek

From stosować +‎ -unek. Sense 7 and sense 6 are semantic loans from English relations, sense 8 is a semantic loan from English connections and contacts, sense 9 is a semantic loan from English terms. First attested in 1781.^[1] Cognate with English stotting.

• IPA^(key): /stɔˈsu.nɛk/

• Audio 1:

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• Audio 2:

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• Rhymes: -unɛk
• Syllabification: sto‧su‧nek

stosunek m inan (diminutive stosuneczek, related adjective stosunkowy)

1. relation, relationship (manner in which two things may be associated) [with do (+ genitive) ‘to what’]

   Synonym: relacja

2. relation, relationship; attitude (manner in which and tone with which two people or things interact) [with do (+ genitive) ‘to what’], [with wobec (+ genitive) ‘towards what’]

   Synonyms: nastawienie, podejście

3. (mathematics) relation, relationship (quotient obtained by dividing two numbers or two quantities belonging to a given set of numbers or quantities)

   Synonym: proporcja

4. (obsolete) affair (illegimate romantic relation)

   Synonym: romans

5. (obsolete, chemistry) equivalent

   Synonym: równoważnik

7. (often in the plural) relation (act of intercourse) [with z (+ instrumental) ‘with whom’]
9. (in the plural) relations, relationship (act of maintaining contact) [with z (+ instrumental) ‘with whom’], [with między (+ instrumental) ‘between whom’]

   Synonym: związek

11. (in the plural) connections (people with whom one is acquainted who can offer help and influence)

    Synonym: powiązania

13. (in the plural) terms (conditions; states or qualities)

    Synonym: warunki

• → Kashubian: stosënk (calque)
• → Silesian: stosōnek (calque)
• → Ukrainian: стосу́нок (stosúnok)

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), stosunek is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 49 times in scientific texts, 46 times in news, 99 times in essays, 18 times in fiction, and 8 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 220 times, making it the 252nd most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.^[2]

• stosunek in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• stosunek in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “stosunek”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1915), “stosunek”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 6, Warsaw, page 438