svabads
Latvian
Etymology
Borrowed from Old East Slavic свободь (svobodĭ) (compare Russian свобо́да (svobóda, “freedom”)), first mentioned in 16th-century texts.
A minority opinion is that it might actually be a native Baltic word, perhaps from the same source as the verb atsvabināt (“to free, to release”)[1] and thus from the same Proto-Balto-Slavic form as the Slavic counterpart, i.e. *swabadas.
Adjective
svabads (definite svabadais, comparative svabadāks, superlative vissvabadākais, adverb svabadi)
- (dated, now usually brīvs) free (not in (political, economical, juridical, social) dependence)
- mūsu vectēvs stāstīja, ka vecvecos laikos mūsu tauta, zemnieki, bijusi svabada ― our grandfather told us that in the olden days our people, farmers, were free
- (dated, now usually brīvs) free (not constrained by obligations, duties, worries)
- pēc kartupeļiem visu vakaru esmu atkal svabads ― after (peeling) the potatoes I will be again free all evening
- (dated, now usually brīvs) free (not prohibited or limited, happening without hindrance, comfortable)
- svabada rīcība ― free action
- pasažieru vairums bija kāda būvbrigāde, kura izkāpa Ugālē, un autobusā kļuva pavisam svabadi ― most of the passengers were (part of) a builders' brigade which got off at Ugāle, and the bus became completely free
- (dated, now usually brīvs) free, open, natural, not artificial
- viegli un svabadi Daugavas viļņi ― the light and free waves of the Daugava (river)
- (dated, now usually brīvs) free (not taken, not occupied)
- viņi nosēdās uz vēl svabadā sola pašā priekšā ― they sat on a still free bench at the front
- svabads laiks ― free time
- (dated, now usually brīvs) free, loose, untied
- aizeju pie zirga un palaižu viņa glavas pavadu svabadāk ― I go to the horse and let his head freer (from the reins)
- (dated) tired, weak, without strength
Declension
masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
nominative | svabads | svabadi | svabada | svabadas | |
genitive | svabada | svabadu | svabadas | svabadu | |
dative | svabadam | svabadiem | svabadai | svabadām | |
accusative | svabadu | svabadus | svabadu | svabadas | |
instrumental | svabadu | svabadiem | svabadu | svabadām | |
locative | svabadā | svabados | svabadā | svabadās | |
vocative | — | — | — | — |
masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
nominative | svabadais | svabadie | svabadā | svabadās | |
genitive | svabadā | svabado | svabadās | svabado | |
dative | svabadajam | svabadajiem | svabadajai | svabadajām | |
accusative | svabado | svabados | svabado | svabadās | |
instrumental | svabado | svabadajiem | svabado | svabadajām | |
locative | svabadajā | svabadajos | svabadajā | svabadajās | |
vocative | svabado, svabadais | svabadie | svabado, svabadā | svabadās |
Synonyms
Derived terms
- atsvabināt
- svabadība
References
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “svabads”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca [Latvian Etymological Dictionary][1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN