syfrdan

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh syfrdan, from Proto-Celtic *s(t)umrVtanos, which has a shape so bizarre it defies further etymology. Cognate to Breton saouzan (“surprise”) and Cornish sowdhanas (“to surprise”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsəvrdan/

Adjective

syfrdan (feminine singular syfrdan, plural syfrdan, equative mor syfrdan, comparative mwy syfrdan, superlative mwyaf syfrdan, not mutable)

  1. dazed, stunned
  2. giddy, dizzy

Derived terms

  • pensyfrdan (“stunned, dizzy”)
  • syfrdanod (“astonishment, amazement”)
  • syfrdanol (“stunning, astounding, amazing”)
  • syfrdanu (“to stun, to daze; to astonish, to amaze”)

Further reading

  • D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “syfrdan”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “syfrdan”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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