thượng tầng

Vietnamese

Etymology

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 上層 (SV: thượng tằng).

Pronunciation

  • (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [tʰɨəŋ˧˨ʔ təŋ˨˩]
  • (Huế) IPA(key): [tʰɨəŋ˨˩ʔ təŋ˦˩]
  • (Saigon) IPA(key): [tʰɨəŋ˨˩˨ təŋ˨˩]

Noun

thượng tầng

  1. higher layer; upper level; upper stratum
  2. short for kiến trúc thượng tầng (“superstructure”)
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