上層

See also: 上层

Chinese

		up; on; on top up; on; on top; upon; first; previous or last; upper; higher; above; previous; to climb; to go into; to go up	layer; floor; a measure word for layers layer; floor; a measure word for layers; laminated; repeated; story (of a building); (maths) sheaf
trad. (上層)		上	層
simp. (上层)		上	层

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shàngcéng

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄤˋ ㄘㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): soeng⁶ cang⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): song-chhèn

(Hailu, HRS): shong^˖ cen

(Changting, Changting Pinyin): shông⁵ ceng²
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): siōng-chân / siāng-chân

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shàngcéng
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄤˋ ㄘㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shàngcéng
  - Wade–Giles: shang⁴-tsʻêng²
  - Yale: shàng-tséng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shanqtserng
  - Palladius: шанцэн (šancɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɑŋ⁵¹ t͡sʰɤŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: soeng⁶ cang⁴
  - Yale: seuhng chàhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: soeng⁶ tsang⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: sêng⁶ ceng⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sœːŋ²² t͡sʰɐŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: song-chhèn
  - Hakka Romanization System: song cen^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: song⁴ cen²
  - Sinological IPA: /soŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰen¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: shong^˖ cen
  - Sinological IPA: /ʃoŋ³³ t͡sʰen⁵⁵/
- (Changting)
  - Changting Pinyin: shông⁵ ceng²
  - Sinological IPA: /ʃɔŋ²¹ t͡sʰeŋ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siōng-chân
  - Tâi-lô: siōng-tsân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sioxngzaan
  - IPA (Xiamen): /siɔŋ²²⁻²¹ t͡san²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /siɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² t͡san²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siāng-chân
  - Tâi-lô: siāng-tsân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siaxngzaan
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /siaŋ²²⁻²¹ t͡san¹³/

Noun

上層

(literally, figuratively) upper strata; upper levels

Derived terms

上層建築 / 上层建筑 (shàngcéng jiànzhù)
上層社會 / 上层社会 (shàngcéng shèhuì)
上層路線 / 上层路线 (shàngcéng lùxiàn)
夏家店上層文化 / 夏家店上层文化 (Xiàjiādiàn shàngcéng wénhuà)

References

周存 [Zhōu, Cún], editor (2023), “上层”, in 长汀话词典 CHANGTINGHUA CIDIAN [Dictionary of Changting Dialect] (overall work in Hakka and Mandarin), Guangzhou: 世界图书出版有限公司 [World Book Publishing Co., Ltd.], →ISBN, page 594.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
上	層
じょう Grade: 1	そう Grade: 6
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
(kyūjitai)

Noun

上(じょう)層(そう) • (jōsō)

upper level

Antonyms

下層(かそう) (kasō)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
上	層

Noun

上層

chữ Hán form of thượng tầng (“upper level”)