thanda
Eastern Cham
Alternative forms
Etymology
Compare Sanskrit दण्ड (daṇḍa).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tʰan.d̪aː/
Noun
thanda
Northern Ndebele
Etymology
From Proto-Nguni [Term?].
Verb
-thânda
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Southern Ndebele
Etymology
From Proto-Nguni [Term?].
Verb
-thânda
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Xhosa
Etymology
From Proto-Nguni [Term?].
Verb
-thânda
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
Etymology 1
From Proto-Nguni [Term?].
Verb
-thânda
Inflection
| positive | negative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | ukuthanda | ukungathandi | ||||
| imperative | ||||||
| simple | + object concord | |||||
| singular | thanda | -thande | ||||
| plural | thandani | -thandeni | ||||
| present | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyathanda, ngithanda | engithandayo, engithanda | ngithanda | angithandi | engingathandi | ngingathandi |
| 2nd singular | uyathanda, uthanda | othandayo, othanda | uthanda | awuthandi | ongathandi | ungathandi |
| 1st plural | siyathanda, sithanda | esithandayo, esithanda | sithanda | asithandi | esingathandi | singathandi |
| 2nd plural | niyathanda, nithanda | enithandayo, enithanda | nithanda | anithandi | eningathandi | ningathandi |
| class 1 | uyathanda, uthanda | othandayo, othanda | ethanda | akathandi | ongathandi | engathandi |
| class 2 | bayathanda, bathanda | abathandayo, abathanda | bethanda | abathandi | abangathandi | bengathandi |
| class 3 | uyathanda, uthanda | othandayo, othanda | uthanda | awuthandi | ongathandi | ungathandi |
| class 4 | iyathanda, ithanda | ethandayo, ethanda | ithanda | ayithandi | engathandi | ingathandi |
| class 5 | liyathanda, lithanda | elithandayo, elithanda | lithanda | alithandi | elingathandi | lingathandi |
| class 6 | ayathanda, athanda | athandayo, athanda | ethanda | awathandi | angathandi | engathandi |
| class 7 | siyathanda, sithanda | esithandayo, esithanda | sithanda | asithandi | esingathandi | singathandi |
| class 8 | ziyathanda, zithanda | ezithandayo, ezithanda | zithanda | azithandi | ezingathandi | zingathandi |
| class 9 | iyathanda, ithanda | ethandayo, ethanda | ithanda | ayithandi | engathandi | ingathandi |
| class 10 | ziyathanda, zithanda | ezithandayo, ezithanda | zithanda | azithandi | ezingathandi | zingathandi |
| class 11 | luyathanda, luthanda | oluthandayo, oluthanda | luthanda | aluthandi | olungathandi | lungathandi |
| class 14 | buyathanda, buthanda | obuthandayo, obuthanda | buthanda | abuthandi | obungathandi | bungathandi |
| class 15 | kuyathanda, kuthanda | okuthandayo, okuthanda | kuthanda | akuthandi | okungathandi | kungathandi |
| class 17 | kuyathanda, kuthanda | okuthandayo, okuthanda | kuthanda | akuthandi | okungathandi | kungathandi |
| recent past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngithandile, ngithandē | engithandile, engithandē | ngithandile, ngithandē | angithandanga | engingathandanga | ngingathandanga |
| 2nd singular | uthandile, uthandē | othandile, othandē | uthandile, uthandē | awuthandanga | ongathandanga | ungathandanga |
| 1st plural | sithandile, sithandē | esithandile, esithandē | sithandile, sithandē | asithandanga | esingathandanga | singathandanga |
| 2nd plural | nithandile, nithandē | enithandile, enithandē | nithandile, nithandē | anithandanga | eningathandanga | ningathandanga |
| class 1 | uthandile, uthandē | othandile, othandē | ethandile, ethandē | akathandanga | ongathandanga | engathandanga |
| class 2 | bathandile, bathandē | abathandile, abathandē | bethandile, bethandē | abathandanga | abangathandanga | bengathandanga |
| class 3 | uthandile, uthandē | othandile, othandē | uthandile, uthandē | awuthandanga | ongathandanga | ungathandanga |
| class 4 | ithandile, ithandē | ethandile, ethandē | ithandile, ithandē | ayithandanga | engathandanga | ingathandanga |
| class 5 | lithandile, lithandē | elithandile, elithandē | lithandile, lithandē | alithandanga | elingathandanga | lingathandanga |
| class 6 | athandile, athandē | athandile, athandē | ethandile, ethandē | awathandanga | angathandanga | engathandanga |
| class 7 | sithandile, sithandē | esithandile, esithandē | sithandile, sithandē | asithandanga | esingathandanga | singathandanga |
| class 8 | zithandile, zithandē | ezithandile, ezithandē | zithandile, zithandē | azithandanga | ezingathandanga | zingathandanga |
| class 9 | ithandile, ithandē | ethandile, ethandē | ithandile, ithandē | ayithandanga | engathandanga | ingathandanga |
| class 10 | zithandile, zithandē | ezithandile, ezithandē | zithandile, zithandē | azithandanga | ezingathandanga | zingathandanga |
| class 11 | luthandile, luthandē | oluthandile, oluthandē | luthandile, luthandē | aluthandanga | olungathandanga | lungathandanga |
| class 14 | buthandile, buthandē | obuthandile, obuthandē | buthandile, buthandē | abuthandanga | obungathandanga | bungathandanga |
| class 15 | kuthandile, kuthandē | okuthandile, okuthandē | kuthandile, kuthandē | akuthandanga | okungathandanga | kungathandanga |
| class 17 | kuthandile, kuthandē | okuthandile, okuthandē | kuthandile, kuthandē | akuthandanga | okungathandanga | kungathandanga |
| remote past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngāthanda | engāthanda | ngāthanda | angithandanga | engingathandanga | ngingathandanga |
| 2nd singular | wāthanda | owāthanda | wāthanda | awuthandanga | ongathandanga | ungathandanga |
| 1st plural | sāthanda | esāthanda | sāthanda | asithandanga | esingathandanga | singathandanga |
| 2nd plural | nāthanda | enāthanda | nāthanda | anithandanga | eningathandanga | ningathandanga |
| class 1 | wāthanda | owāthanda | āthanda | akathandanga | ongathandanga | engathandanga |
| class 2 | bāthanda | abāthanda | bāthanda | abathandanga | abangathandanga | bengathandanga |
| class 3 | wāthanda | owāthanda | wāthanda | awuthandanga | ongathandanga | ungathandanga |
| class 4 | yāthanda | eyāthanda | yāthanda | ayithandanga | engathandanga | ingathandanga |
| class 5 | lāthanda | elāthanda | lāthanda | alithandanga | elingathandanga | lingathandanga |
| class 6 | āthanda | āthanda | āthanda | awathandanga | angathandanga | engathandanga |
| class 7 | sāthanda | esāthanda | sāthanda | asithandanga | esingathandanga | singathandanga |
| class 8 | zāthanda | ezāthanda | zāthanda | azithandanga | ezingathandanga | zingathandanga |
| class 9 | yāthanda | eyāthanda | yāthanda | ayithandanga | engathandanga | ingathandanga |
| class 10 | zāthanda | ezāthanda | zāthanda | azithandanga | ezingathandanga | zingathandanga |
| class 11 | lwāthanda | olwāthanda | lwāthanda | aluthandanga | olungathandanga | lungathandanga |
| class 14 | bāthanda | obāthanda | bāthanda | abuthandanga | obungathandanga | bungathandanga |
| class 15 | kwāthanda | okwāthanda | kwāthanda | akuthandanga | okungathandanga | kungathandanga |
| class 17 | kwāthanda | okwāthanda | kwāthanda | akuthandanga | okungathandanga | kungathandanga |
| potential | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngingathanda | — | ngingathanda | ngingethande | — | ngingethande |
| 2nd singular | ungathanda | — | ungathanda | ungethande | — | ungethande |
| 1st plural | singathanda | — | singathanda | singethande | — | singethande |
| 2nd plural | ningathanda | — | ningathanda | ningethande | — | ningethande |
| class 1 | angathanda | — | engathanda | angethande | — | engethande |
| class 2 | bangathanda | — | bengathanda | bangethande | — | bengethande |
| class 3 | ungathanda | — | ungathanda | ungethande | — | ungethande |
| class 4 | ingathanda | — | ingathanda | ingethande | — | ingethande |
| class 5 | lingathanda | — | lingathanda | lingethande | — | lingethande |
| class 6 | angathanda | — | engathanda | angethande | — | engethande |
| class 7 | singathanda | — | singathanda | singethande | — | singethande |
| class 8 | zingathanda | — | zingathanda | zingethande | — | zingethande |
| class 9 | ingathanda | — | ingathanda | ingethande | — | ingethande |
| class 10 | zingathanda | — | zingathanda | zingethande | — | zingethande |
| class 11 | lungathanda | — | lungathanda | lungethande | — | lungethande |
| class 14 | bungathanda | — | bungathanda | bungethande | — | bungethande |
| class 15 | kungathanda | — | kungathanda | kungethande | — | kungethande |
| class 17 | kungathanda | — | kungathanda | kungethande | — | kungethande |
| immediate future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngizothanda | engizothanda | ngizothanda | angizuthanda | engingezuthanda | ngingezuthanda |
| 2nd singular | uzothanda | ozothanda | uzothanda | awuzuthanda | ongezuthanda | ungezuthanda |
| 1st plural | sizothanda | esizothanda | sizothanda | asizuthanda | esingezuthanda | singezuthanda |
| 2nd plural | nizothanda | enizothanda | nizothanda | anizuthanda | eningezuthanda | ningezuthanda |
| class 1 | uzothanda | ozothanda | ezothanda | akazuthanda | ongezuthanda | engezuthanda |
| class 2 | bazothanda | abazothanda | bezothanda | abazuthanda | abangezuthanda | bengezuthanda |
| class 3 | uzothanda | ozothanda | uzothanda | awuzuthanda | ongezuthanda | ungezuthanda |
| class 4 | izothanda | ezothanda | izothanda | ayizuthanda | engezuthanda | ingezuthanda |
| class 5 | lizothanda | elizothanda | lizothanda | alizuthanda | elingezuthanda | lingezuthanda |
| class 6 | azothanda | azothanda | ezothanda | awazuthanda | angezuthanda | engezuthanda |
| class 7 | sizothanda | esizothanda | sizothanda | asizuthanda | esingezuthanda | singezuthanda |
| class 8 | zizothanda | ezizothanda | zizothanda | azizuthanda | ezingezuthanda | zingezuthanda |
| class 9 | izothanda | ezothanda | izothanda | ayizuthanda | engezuthanda | ingezuthanda |
| class 10 | zizothanda | ezizothanda | zizothanda | azizuthanda | ezingezuthanda | zingezuthanda |
| class 11 | luzothanda | oluzothanda | luzothanda | aluzuthanda | olungezuthanda | lungezuthanda |
| class 14 | buzothanda | obuzothanda | buzothanda | abuzuthanda | obungezuthanda | bungezuthanda |
| class 15 | kuzothanda | okuzothanda | kuzothanda | akuzuthanda | okungezuthanda | kungezuthanda |
| class 17 | kuzothanda | okuzothanda | kuzothanda | akuzuthanda | okungezuthanda | kungezuthanda |
| remote future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyothanda | engiyothanda | ngiyothanda | angiyuthanda | engingeyuthanda | ngingeyuthanda |
| 2nd singular | uyothanda | oyothanda | uyothanda | awuyuthanda | ongeyuthanda | ungeyuthanda |
| 1st plural | siyothanda | esiyothanda | siyothanda | asiyuthanda | esingeyuthanda | singeyuthanda |
| 2nd plural | niyothanda | eniyothanda | niyothanda | aniyuthanda | eningeyuthanda | ningeyuthanda |
| class 1 | uyothanda | oyothanda | eyothanda | akayuthanda | ongeyuthanda | engeyuthanda |
| class 2 | bayothanda | abayothanda | beyothanda | abayuthanda | abangeyuthanda | bengeyuthanda |
| class 3 | uyothanda | oyothanda | uyothanda | awuyuthanda | ongeyuthanda | ungeyuthanda |
| class 4 | iyothanda | eyothanda | iyothanda | ayiyuthanda | engeyuthanda | ingeyuthanda |
| class 5 | liyothanda | eliyothanda | liyothanda | aliyuthanda | elingeyuthanda | lingeyuthanda |
| class 6 | ayothanda | ayothanda | eyothanda | awayuthanda | angeyuthanda | engeyuthanda |
| class 7 | siyothanda | esiyothanda | siyothanda | asiyuthanda | esingeyuthanda | singeyuthanda |
| class 8 | ziyothanda | eziyothanda | ziyothanda | aziyuthanda | ezingeyuthanda | zingeyuthanda |
| class 9 | iyothanda | eyothanda | iyothanda | ayiyuthanda | engeyuthanda | ingeyuthanda |
| class 10 | ziyothanda | eziyothanda | ziyothanda | aziyuthanda | ezingeyuthanda | zingeyuthanda |
| class 11 | luyothanda | oluyothanda | luyothanda | aluyuthanda | olungeyuthanda | lungeyuthanda |
| class 14 | buyothanda | obuyothanda | buyothanda | abuyuthanda | obungeyuthanda | bungeyuthanda |
| class 15 | kuyothanda | okuyothanda | kuyothanda | akuyuthanda | okungeyuthanda | kungeyuthanda |
| class 17 | kuyothanda | okuyothanda | kuyothanda | akuyuthanda | okungeyuthanda | kungeyuthanda |
| present subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngithande | ngingathandi | ||||
| 2nd singular | uthande | ungathandi | ||||
| 1st plural | sithande | singathandi | ||||
| 2nd plural | nithande | ningathandi | ||||
| class 1 | athande | angathandi | ||||
| class 2 | bathande | bangathandi | ||||
| class 3 | uthande | ungathandi | ||||
| class 4 | ithande | ingathandi | ||||
| class 5 | lithande | lingathandi | ||||
| class 6 | athande | angathandi | ||||
| class 7 | sithande | singathandi | ||||
| class 8 | zithande | zingathandi | ||||
| class 9 | ithande | ingathandi | ||||
| class 10 | zithande | zingathandi | ||||
| class 11 | luthande | lungathandi | ||||
| class 14 | buthande | bungathandi | ||||
| class 15 | kuthande | kungathandi | ||||
| class 17 | kuthande | kungathandi | ||||
| past subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngathanda | ngangathanda, angathanda, angangathanda | ||||
| 2nd singular | wathanda | wangathanda, awathanda, awangathanda | ||||
| 1st plural | sathanda | sangathanda, asathanda, asangathanda | ||||
| 2nd plural | nathanda | nangathanda, anathanda, anangathanda | ||||
| class 1 | wathanda | wangathanda, akathanda, akangathanda | ||||
| class 2 | bathanda | bangathanda, abathanda, abangathanda | ||||
| class 3 | wathanda | wangathanda, awathanda, awangathanda | ||||
| class 4 | yathanda | yangathanda, ayathanda, ayangathanda | ||||
| class 5 | lathanda | langathanda, alathanda, alangathanda | ||||
| class 6 | athanda | angathanda, awathanda, awangathanda | ||||
| class 7 | sathanda | sangathanda, asathanda, asangathanda | ||||
| class 8 | zathanda | zangathanda, azathanda, azangathanda | ||||
| class 9 | yathanda | yangathanda, ayathanda, ayangathanda | ||||
| class 10 | zathanda | zangathanda, azathanda, azangathanda | ||||
| class 11 | lwathanda | lwangathanda, alwathanda, alwangathanda | ||||
| class 14 | bathanda | bangathanda, abathanda, abangathanda | ||||
| class 15 | kwathanda | kwangathanda, akwathanda, akwangathanda | ||||
| class 17 | kwathanda | kwangathanda, akwathanda, akwangathanda | ||||
Derived terms
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Verb
-thanda
- (transitive) to carve, to plait, to wind around
Inflection
| positive | negative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | ukuthanda | ukungathandi | ||||
| imperative | ||||||
| simple | + object concord | |||||
| singular | thanda | -thande | ||||
| plural | thandani | -thandeni | ||||
| present | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyathanda, ngithanda | engithandayo, engithanda | ngithanda | angithandi | engingathandi | ngingathandi |
| 2nd singular | uyathanda, uthanda | othandayo, othanda | uthanda | awuthandi | ongathandi | ungathandi |
| 1st plural | siyathanda, sithanda | esithandayo, esithanda | sithanda | asithandi | esingathandi | singathandi |
| 2nd plural | niyathanda, nithanda | enithandayo, enithanda | nithanda | anithandi | eningathandi | ningathandi |
| class 1 | uyathanda, uthanda | othandayo, othanda | ethanda | akathandi | ongathandi | engathandi |
| class 2 | bayathanda, bathanda | abathandayo, abathanda | bethanda | abathandi | abangathandi | bengathandi |
| class 3 | uyathanda, uthanda | othandayo, othanda | uthanda | awuthandi | ongathandi | ungathandi |
| class 4 | iyathanda, ithanda | ethandayo, ethanda | ithanda | ayithandi | engathandi | ingathandi |
| class 5 | liyathanda, lithanda | elithandayo, elithanda | lithanda | alithandi | elingathandi | lingathandi |
| class 6 | ayathanda, athanda | athandayo, athanda | ethanda | awathandi | angathandi | engathandi |
| class 7 | siyathanda, sithanda | esithandayo, esithanda | sithanda | asithandi | esingathandi | singathandi |
| class 8 | ziyathanda, zithanda | ezithandayo, ezithanda | zithanda | azithandi | ezingathandi | zingathandi |
| class 9 | iyathanda, ithanda | ethandayo, ethanda | ithanda | ayithandi | engathandi | ingathandi |
| class 10 | ziyathanda, zithanda | ezithandayo, ezithanda | zithanda | azithandi | ezingathandi | zingathandi |
| class 11 | luyathanda, luthanda | oluthandayo, oluthanda | luthanda | aluthandi | olungathandi | lungathandi |
| class 14 | buyathanda, buthanda | obuthandayo, obuthanda | buthanda | abuthandi | obungathandi | bungathandi |
| class 15 | kuyathanda, kuthanda | okuthandayo, okuthanda | kuthanda | akuthandi | okungathandi | kungathandi |
| class 17 | kuyathanda, kuthanda | okuthandayo, okuthanda | kuthanda | akuthandi | okungathandi | kungathandi |
| recent past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngithandile, ngithandē | engithandile, engithandē | ngithandile, ngithandē | angithandanga | engingathandanga | ngingathandanga |
| 2nd singular | uthandile, uthandē | othandile, othandē | uthandile, uthandē | awuthandanga | ongathandanga | ungathandanga |
| 1st plural | sithandile, sithandē | esithandile, esithandē | sithandile, sithandē | asithandanga | esingathandanga | singathandanga |
| 2nd plural | nithandile, nithandē | enithandile, enithandē | nithandile, nithandē | anithandanga | eningathandanga | ningathandanga |
| class 1 | uthandile, uthandē | othandile, othandē | ethandile, ethandē | akathandanga | ongathandanga | engathandanga |
| class 2 | bathandile, bathandē | abathandile, abathandē | bethandile, bethandē | abathandanga | abangathandanga | bengathandanga |
| class 3 | uthandile, uthandē | othandile, othandē | uthandile, uthandē | awuthandanga | ongathandanga | ungathandanga |
| class 4 | ithandile, ithandē | ethandile, ethandē | ithandile, ithandē | ayithandanga | engathandanga | ingathandanga |
| class 5 | lithandile, lithandē | elithandile, elithandē | lithandile, lithandē | alithandanga | elingathandanga | lingathandanga |
| class 6 | athandile, athandē | athandile, athandē | ethandile, ethandē | awathandanga | angathandanga | engathandanga |
| class 7 | sithandile, sithandē | esithandile, esithandē | sithandile, sithandē | asithandanga | esingathandanga | singathandanga |
| class 8 | zithandile, zithandē | ezithandile, ezithandē | zithandile, zithandē | azithandanga | ezingathandanga | zingathandanga |
| class 9 | ithandile, ithandē | ethandile, ethandē | ithandile, ithandē | ayithandanga | engathandanga | ingathandanga |
| class 10 | zithandile, zithandē | ezithandile, ezithandē | zithandile, zithandē | azithandanga | ezingathandanga | zingathandanga |
| class 11 | luthandile, luthandē | oluthandile, oluthandē | luthandile, luthandē | aluthandanga | olungathandanga | lungathandanga |
| class 14 | buthandile, buthandē | obuthandile, obuthandē | buthandile, buthandē | abuthandanga | obungathandanga | bungathandanga |
| class 15 | kuthandile, kuthandē | okuthandile, okuthandē | kuthandile, kuthandē | akuthandanga | okungathandanga | kungathandanga |
| class 17 | kuthandile, kuthandē | okuthandile, okuthandē | kuthandile, kuthandē | akuthandanga | okungathandanga | kungathandanga |
| remote past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngāthanda | engāthanda | ngāthanda | angithandanga | engingathandanga | ngingathandanga |
| 2nd singular | wāthanda | owāthanda | wāthanda | awuthandanga | ongathandanga | ungathandanga |
| 1st plural | sāthanda | esāthanda | sāthanda | asithandanga | esingathandanga | singathandanga |
| 2nd plural | nāthanda | enāthanda | nāthanda | anithandanga | eningathandanga | ningathandanga |
| class 1 | wāthanda | owāthanda | āthanda | akathandanga | ongathandanga | engathandanga |
| class 2 | bāthanda | abāthanda | bāthanda | abathandanga | abangathandanga | bengathandanga |
| class 3 | wāthanda | owāthanda | wāthanda | awuthandanga | ongathandanga | ungathandanga |
| class 4 | yāthanda | eyāthanda | yāthanda | ayithandanga | engathandanga | ingathandanga |
| class 5 | lāthanda | elāthanda | lāthanda | alithandanga | elingathandanga | lingathandanga |
| class 6 | āthanda | āthanda | āthanda | awathandanga | angathandanga | engathandanga |
| class 7 | sāthanda | esāthanda | sāthanda | asithandanga | esingathandanga | singathandanga |
| class 8 | zāthanda | ezāthanda | zāthanda | azithandanga | ezingathandanga | zingathandanga |
| class 9 | yāthanda | eyāthanda | yāthanda | ayithandanga | engathandanga | ingathandanga |
| class 10 | zāthanda | ezāthanda | zāthanda | azithandanga | ezingathandanga | zingathandanga |
| class 11 | lwāthanda | olwāthanda | lwāthanda | aluthandanga | olungathandanga | lungathandanga |
| class 14 | bāthanda | obāthanda | bāthanda | abuthandanga | obungathandanga | bungathandanga |
| class 15 | kwāthanda | okwāthanda | kwāthanda | akuthandanga | okungathandanga | kungathandanga |
| class 17 | kwāthanda | okwāthanda | kwāthanda | akuthandanga | okungathandanga | kungathandanga |
| potential | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngingathanda | — | ngingathanda | ngingethande | — | ngingethande |
| 2nd singular | ungathanda | — | ungathanda | ungethande | — | ungethande |
| 1st plural | singathanda | — | singathanda | singethande | — | singethande |
| 2nd plural | ningathanda | — | ningathanda | ningethande | — | ningethande |
| class 1 | angathanda | — | engathanda | angethande | — | engethande |
| class 2 | bangathanda | — | bengathanda | bangethande | — | bengethande |
| class 3 | ungathanda | — | ungathanda | ungethande | — | ungethande |
| class 4 | ingathanda | — | ingathanda | ingethande | — | ingethande |
| class 5 | lingathanda | — | lingathanda | lingethande | — | lingethande |
| class 6 | angathanda | — | engathanda | angethande | — | engethande |
| class 7 | singathanda | — | singathanda | singethande | — | singethande |
| class 8 | zingathanda | — | zingathanda | zingethande | — | zingethande |
| class 9 | ingathanda | — | ingathanda | ingethande | — | ingethande |
| class 10 | zingathanda | — | zingathanda | zingethande | — | zingethande |
| class 11 | lungathanda | — | lungathanda | lungethande | — | lungethande |
| class 14 | bungathanda | — | bungathanda | bungethande | — | bungethande |
| class 15 | kungathanda | — | kungathanda | kungethande | — | kungethande |
| class 17 | kungathanda | — | kungathanda | kungethande | — | kungethande |
| immediate future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngizothanda | engizothanda | ngizothanda | angizuthanda | engingezuthanda | ngingezuthanda |
| 2nd singular | uzothanda | ozothanda | uzothanda | awuzuthanda | ongezuthanda | ungezuthanda |
| 1st plural | sizothanda | esizothanda | sizothanda | asizuthanda | esingezuthanda | singezuthanda |
| 2nd plural | nizothanda | enizothanda | nizothanda | anizuthanda | eningezuthanda | ningezuthanda |
| class 1 | uzothanda | ozothanda | ezothanda | akazuthanda | ongezuthanda | engezuthanda |
| class 2 | bazothanda | abazothanda | bezothanda | abazuthanda | abangezuthanda | bengezuthanda |
| class 3 | uzothanda | ozothanda | uzothanda | awuzuthanda | ongezuthanda | ungezuthanda |
| class 4 | izothanda | ezothanda | izothanda | ayizuthanda | engezuthanda | ingezuthanda |
| class 5 | lizothanda | elizothanda | lizothanda | alizuthanda | elingezuthanda | lingezuthanda |
| class 6 | azothanda | azothanda | ezothanda | awazuthanda | angezuthanda | engezuthanda |
| class 7 | sizothanda | esizothanda | sizothanda | asizuthanda | esingezuthanda | singezuthanda |
| class 8 | zizothanda | ezizothanda | zizothanda | azizuthanda | ezingezuthanda | zingezuthanda |
| class 9 | izothanda | ezothanda | izothanda | ayizuthanda | engezuthanda | ingezuthanda |
| class 10 | zizothanda | ezizothanda | zizothanda | azizuthanda | ezingezuthanda | zingezuthanda |
| class 11 | luzothanda | oluzothanda | luzothanda | aluzuthanda | olungezuthanda | lungezuthanda |
| class 14 | buzothanda | obuzothanda | buzothanda | abuzuthanda | obungezuthanda | bungezuthanda |
| class 15 | kuzothanda | okuzothanda | kuzothanda | akuzuthanda | okungezuthanda | kungezuthanda |
| class 17 | kuzothanda | okuzothanda | kuzothanda | akuzuthanda | okungezuthanda | kungezuthanda |
| remote future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyothanda | engiyothanda | ngiyothanda | angiyuthanda | engingeyuthanda | ngingeyuthanda |
| 2nd singular | uyothanda | oyothanda | uyothanda | awuyuthanda | ongeyuthanda | ungeyuthanda |
| 1st plural | siyothanda | esiyothanda | siyothanda | asiyuthanda | esingeyuthanda | singeyuthanda |
| 2nd plural | niyothanda | eniyothanda | niyothanda | aniyuthanda | eningeyuthanda | ningeyuthanda |
| class 1 | uyothanda | oyothanda | eyothanda | akayuthanda | ongeyuthanda | engeyuthanda |
| class 2 | bayothanda | abayothanda | beyothanda | abayuthanda | abangeyuthanda | bengeyuthanda |
| class 3 | uyothanda | oyothanda | uyothanda | awuyuthanda | ongeyuthanda | ungeyuthanda |
| class 4 | iyothanda | eyothanda | iyothanda | ayiyuthanda | engeyuthanda | ingeyuthanda |
| class 5 | liyothanda | eliyothanda | liyothanda | aliyuthanda | elingeyuthanda | lingeyuthanda |
| class 6 | ayothanda | ayothanda | eyothanda | awayuthanda | angeyuthanda | engeyuthanda |
| class 7 | siyothanda | esiyothanda | siyothanda | asiyuthanda | esingeyuthanda | singeyuthanda |
| class 8 | ziyothanda | eziyothanda | ziyothanda | aziyuthanda | ezingeyuthanda | zingeyuthanda |
| class 9 | iyothanda | eyothanda | iyothanda | ayiyuthanda | engeyuthanda | ingeyuthanda |
| class 10 | ziyothanda | eziyothanda | ziyothanda | aziyuthanda | ezingeyuthanda | zingeyuthanda |
| class 11 | luyothanda | oluyothanda | luyothanda | aluyuthanda | olungeyuthanda | lungeyuthanda |
| class 14 | buyothanda | obuyothanda | buyothanda | abuyuthanda | obungeyuthanda | bungeyuthanda |
| class 15 | kuyothanda | okuyothanda | kuyothanda | akuyuthanda | okungeyuthanda | kungeyuthanda |
| class 17 | kuyothanda | okuyothanda | kuyothanda | akuyuthanda | okungeyuthanda | kungeyuthanda |
| present subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngithande | ngingathandi | ||||
| 2nd singular | uthande | ungathandi | ||||
| 1st plural | sithande | singathandi | ||||
| 2nd plural | nithande | ningathandi | ||||
| class 1 | athande | angathandi | ||||
| class 2 | bathande | bangathandi | ||||
| class 3 | uthande | ungathandi | ||||
| class 4 | ithande | ingathandi | ||||
| class 5 | lithande | lingathandi | ||||
| class 6 | athande | angathandi | ||||
| class 7 | sithande | singathandi | ||||
| class 8 | zithande | zingathandi | ||||
| class 9 | ithande | ingathandi | ||||
| class 10 | zithande | zingathandi | ||||
| class 11 | luthande | lungathandi | ||||
| class 14 | buthande | bungathandi | ||||
| class 15 | kuthande | kungathandi | ||||
| class 17 | kuthande | kungathandi | ||||
| past subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngathanda | ngangathanda, angathanda, angangathanda | ||||
| 2nd singular | wathanda | wangathanda, awathanda, awangathanda | ||||
| 1st plural | sathanda | sangathanda, asathanda, asangathanda | ||||
| 2nd plural | nathanda | nangathanda, anathanda, anangathanda | ||||
| class 1 | wathanda | wangathanda, akathanda, akangathanda | ||||
| class 2 | bathanda | bangathanda, abathanda, abangathanda | ||||
| class 3 | wathanda | wangathanda, awathanda, awangathanda | ||||
| class 4 | yathanda | yangathanda, ayathanda, ayangathanda | ||||
| class 5 | lathanda | langathanda, alathanda, alangathanda | ||||
| class 6 | athanda | angathanda, awathanda, awangathanda | ||||
| class 7 | sathanda | sangathanda, asathanda, asangathanda | ||||
| class 8 | zathanda | zangathanda, azathanda, azangathanda | ||||
| class 9 | yathanda | yangathanda, ayathanda, ayangathanda | ||||
| class 10 | zathanda | zangathanda, azathanda, azangathanda | ||||
| class 11 | lwathanda | lwangathanda, alwathanda, alwangathanda | ||||
| class 14 | bathanda | bangathanda, abathanda, abangathanda | ||||
| class 15 | kwathanda | kwangathanda, akwathanda, akwangathanda | ||||
| class 17 | kwathanda | kwangathanda, akwathanda, akwangathanda | ||||
Related terms
- umthanda
- isithando
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “thanda”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “thanda (3.9)”
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “thanda”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “thanda (6.6-3)”