thandana
Zulu
Etymology
Verb
-thandana?
- (intransitive) to love each other
Inflection
| positive | negative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | ukuthandana | ukungathandani | ||||
| imperative | ||||||
| simple | + object concord | |||||
| singular | thandana | -thandane | ||||
| plural | thandanani | -thandaneni | ||||
| present | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyathandana, ngithandana | engithandanayo, engithandana | ngithandana | angithandani | engingathandani | ngingathandani |
| 2nd singular | uyathandana, uthandana | othandanayo, othandana | uthandana | awuthandani | ongathandani | ungathandani |
| 1st plural | siyathandana, sithandana | esithandanayo, esithandana | sithandana | asithandani | esingathandani | singathandani |
| 2nd plural | niyathandana, nithandana | enithandanayo, enithandana | nithandana | anithandani | eningathandani | ningathandani |
| class 1 | uyathandana, uthandana | othandanayo, othandana | ethandana | akathandani | ongathandani | engathandani |
| class 2 | bayathandana, bathandana | abathandanayo, abathandana | bethandana | abathandani | abangathandani | bengathandani |
| class 3 | uyathandana, uthandana | othandanayo, othandana | uthandana | awuthandani | ongathandani | ungathandani |
| class 4 | iyathandana, ithandana | ethandanayo, ethandana | ithandana | ayithandani | engathandani | ingathandani |
| class 5 | liyathandana, lithandana | elithandanayo, elithandana | lithandana | alithandani | elingathandani | lingathandani |
| class 6 | ayathandana, athandana | athandanayo, athandana | ethandana | awathandani | angathandani | engathandani |
| class 7 | siyathandana, sithandana | esithandanayo, esithandana | sithandana | asithandani | esingathandani | singathandani |
| class 8 | ziyathandana, zithandana | ezithandanayo, ezithandana | zithandana | azithandani | ezingathandani | zingathandani |
| class 9 | iyathandana, ithandana | ethandanayo, ethandana | ithandana | ayithandani | engathandani | ingathandani |
| class 10 | ziyathandana, zithandana | ezithandanayo, ezithandana | zithandana | azithandani | ezingathandani | zingathandani |
| class 11 | luyathandana, luthandana | oluthandanayo, oluthandana | luthandana | aluthandani | olungathandani | lungathandani |
| class 14 | buyathandana, buthandana | obuthandanayo, obuthandana | buthandana | abuthandani | obungathandani | bungathandani |
| class 15 | kuyathandana, kuthandana | okuthandanayo, okuthandana | kuthandana | akuthandani | okungathandani | kungathandani |
| class 17 | kuyathandana, kuthandana | okuthandanayo, okuthandana | kuthandana | akuthandani | okungathandani | kungathandani |
| recent past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngithandanile, ngithandanē | engithandanile, engithandanē | ngithandanile, ngithandanē | angithandananga | engingathandananga | ngingathandananga |
| 2nd singular | uthandanile, uthandanē | othandanile, othandanē | uthandanile, uthandanē | awuthandananga | ongathandananga | ungathandananga |
| 1st plural | sithandanile, sithandanē | esithandanile, esithandanē | sithandanile, sithandanē | asithandananga | esingathandananga | singathandananga |
| 2nd plural | nithandanile, nithandanē | enithandanile, enithandanē | nithandanile, nithandanē | anithandananga | eningathandananga | ningathandananga |
| class 1 | uthandanile, uthandanē | othandanile, othandanē | ethandanile, ethandanē | akathandananga | ongathandananga | engathandananga |
| class 2 | bathandanile, bathandanē | abathandanile, abathandanē | bethandanile, bethandanē | abathandananga | abangathandananga | bengathandananga |
| class 3 | uthandanile, uthandanē | othandanile, othandanē | uthandanile, uthandanē | awuthandananga | ongathandananga | ungathandananga |
| class 4 | ithandanile, ithandanē | ethandanile, ethandanē | ithandanile, ithandanē | ayithandananga | engathandananga | ingathandananga |
| class 5 | lithandanile, lithandanē | elithandanile, elithandanē | lithandanile, lithandanē | alithandananga | elingathandananga | lingathandananga |
| class 6 | athandanile, athandanē | athandanile, athandanē | ethandanile, ethandanē | awathandananga | angathandananga | engathandananga |
| class 7 | sithandanile, sithandanē | esithandanile, esithandanē | sithandanile, sithandanē | asithandananga | esingathandananga | singathandananga |
| class 8 | zithandanile, zithandanē | ezithandanile, ezithandanē | zithandanile, zithandanē | azithandananga | ezingathandananga | zingathandananga |
| class 9 | ithandanile, ithandanē | ethandanile, ethandanē | ithandanile, ithandanē | ayithandananga | engathandananga | ingathandananga |
| class 10 | zithandanile, zithandanē | ezithandanile, ezithandanē | zithandanile, zithandanē | azithandananga | ezingathandananga | zingathandananga |
| class 11 | luthandanile, luthandanē | oluthandanile, oluthandanē | luthandanile, luthandanē | aluthandananga | olungathandananga | lungathandananga |
| class 14 | buthandanile, buthandanē | obuthandanile, obuthandanē | buthandanile, buthandanē | abuthandananga | obungathandananga | bungathandananga |
| class 15 | kuthandanile, kuthandanē | okuthandanile, okuthandanē | kuthandanile, kuthandanē | akuthandananga | okungathandananga | kungathandananga |
| class 17 | kuthandanile, kuthandanē | okuthandanile, okuthandanē | kuthandanile, kuthandanē | akuthandananga | okungathandananga | kungathandananga |
| remote past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngāthandana | engāthandana | ngāthandana | angithandananga | engingathandananga | ngingathandananga |
| 2nd singular | wāthandana | owāthandana | wāthandana | awuthandananga | ongathandananga | ungathandananga |
| 1st plural | sāthandana | esāthandana | sāthandana | asithandananga | esingathandananga | singathandananga |
| 2nd plural | nāthandana | enāthandana | nāthandana | anithandananga | eningathandananga | ningathandananga |
| class 1 | wāthandana | owāthandana | āthandana | akathandananga | ongathandananga | engathandananga |
| class 2 | bāthandana | abāthandana | bāthandana | abathandananga | abangathandananga | bengathandananga |
| class 3 | wāthandana | owāthandana | wāthandana | awuthandananga | ongathandananga | ungathandananga |
| class 4 | yāthandana | eyāthandana | yāthandana | ayithandananga | engathandananga | ingathandananga |
| class 5 | lāthandana | elāthandana | lāthandana | alithandananga | elingathandananga | lingathandananga |
| class 6 | āthandana | āthandana | āthandana | awathandananga | angathandananga | engathandananga |
| class 7 | sāthandana | esāthandana | sāthandana | asithandananga | esingathandananga | singathandananga |
| class 8 | zāthandana | ezāthandana | zāthandana | azithandananga | ezingathandananga | zingathandananga |
| class 9 | yāthandana | eyāthandana | yāthandana | ayithandananga | engathandananga | ingathandananga |
| class 10 | zāthandana | ezāthandana | zāthandana | azithandananga | ezingathandananga | zingathandananga |
| class 11 | lwāthandana | olwāthandana | lwāthandana | aluthandananga | olungathandananga | lungathandananga |
| class 14 | bāthandana | obāthandana | bāthandana | abuthandananga | obungathandananga | bungathandananga |
| class 15 | kwāthandana | okwāthandana | kwāthandana | akuthandananga | okungathandananga | kungathandananga |
| class 17 | kwāthandana | okwāthandana | kwāthandana | akuthandananga | okungathandananga | kungathandananga |
| potential | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngingathandana | — | ngingathandana | ngingethandane | — | ngingethandane |
| 2nd singular | ungathandana | — | ungathandana | ungethandane | — | ungethandane |
| 1st plural | singathandana | — | singathandana | singethandane | — | singethandane |
| 2nd plural | ningathandana | — | ningathandana | ningethandane | — | ningethandane |
| class 1 | angathandana | — | engathandana | angethandane | — | engethandane |
| class 2 | bangathandana | — | bengathandana | bangethandane | — | bengethandane |
| class 3 | ungathandana | — | ungathandana | ungethandane | — | ungethandane |
| class 4 | ingathandana | — | ingathandana | ingethandane | — | ingethandane |
| class 5 | lingathandana | — | lingathandana | lingethandane | — | lingethandane |
| class 6 | angathandana | — | engathandana | angethandane | — | engethandane |
| class 7 | singathandana | — | singathandana | singethandane | — | singethandane |
| class 8 | zingathandana | — | zingathandana | zingethandane | — | zingethandane |
| class 9 | ingathandana | — | ingathandana | ingethandane | — | ingethandane |
| class 10 | zingathandana | — | zingathandana | zingethandane | — | zingethandane |
| class 11 | lungathandana | — | lungathandana | lungethandane | — | lungethandane |
| class 14 | bungathandana | — | bungathandana | bungethandane | — | bungethandane |
| class 15 | kungathandana | — | kungathandana | kungethandane | — | kungethandane |
| class 17 | kungathandana | — | kungathandana | kungethandane | — | kungethandane |
| immediate future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngizothandana | engizothandana | ngizothandana | angizuthandana | engingezuthandana | ngingezuthandana |
| 2nd singular | uzothandana | ozothandana | uzothandana | awuzuthandana | ongezuthandana | ungezuthandana |
| 1st plural | sizothandana | esizothandana | sizothandana | asizuthandana | esingezuthandana | singezuthandana |
| 2nd plural | nizothandana | enizothandana | nizothandana | anizuthandana | eningezuthandana | ningezuthandana |
| class 1 | uzothandana | ozothandana | ezothandana | akazuthandana | ongezuthandana | engezuthandana |
| class 2 | bazothandana | abazothandana | bezothandana | abazuthandana | abangezuthandana | bengezuthandana |
| class 3 | uzothandana | ozothandana | uzothandana | awuzuthandana | ongezuthandana | ungezuthandana |
| class 4 | izothandana | ezothandana | izothandana | ayizuthandana | engezuthandana | ingezuthandana |
| class 5 | lizothandana | elizothandana | lizothandana | alizuthandana | elingezuthandana | lingezuthandana |
| class 6 | azothandana | azothandana | ezothandana | awazuthandana | angezuthandana | engezuthandana |
| class 7 | sizothandana | esizothandana | sizothandana | asizuthandana | esingezuthandana | singezuthandana |
| class 8 | zizothandana | ezizothandana | zizothandana | azizuthandana | ezingezuthandana | zingezuthandana |
| class 9 | izothandana | ezothandana | izothandana | ayizuthandana | engezuthandana | ingezuthandana |
| class 10 | zizothandana | ezizothandana | zizothandana | azizuthandana | ezingezuthandana | zingezuthandana |
| class 11 | luzothandana | oluzothandana | luzothandana | aluzuthandana | olungezuthandana | lungezuthandana |
| class 14 | buzothandana | obuzothandana | buzothandana | abuzuthandana | obungezuthandana | bungezuthandana |
| class 15 | kuzothandana | okuzothandana | kuzothandana | akuzuthandana | okungezuthandana | kungezuthandana |
| class 17 | kuzothandana | okuzothandana | kuzothandana | akuzuthandana | okungezuthandana | kungezuthandana |
| remote future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyothandana | engiyothandana | ngiyothandana | angiyuthandana | engingeyuthandana | ngingeyuthandana |
| 2nd singular | uyothandana | oyothandana | uyothandana | awuyuthandana | ongeyuthandana | ungeyuthandana |
| 1st plural | siyothandana | esiyothandana | siyothandana | asiyuthandana | esingeyuthandana | singeyuthandana |
| 2nd plural | niyothandana | eniyothandana | niyothandana | aniyuthandana | eningeyuthandana | ningeyuthandana |
| class 1 | uyothandana | oyothandana | eyothandana | akayuthandana | ongeyuthandana | engeyuthandana |
| class 2 | bayothandana | abayothandana | beyothandana | abayuthandana | abangeyuthandana | bengeyuthandana |
| class 3 | uyothandana | oyothandana | uyothandana | awuyuthandana | ongeyuthandana | ungeyuthandana |
| class 4 | iyothandana | eyothandana | iyothandana | ayiyuthandana | engeyuthandana | ingeyuthandana |
| class 5 | liyothandana | eliyothandana | liyothandana | aliyuthandana | elingeyuthandana | lingeyuthandana |
| class 6 | ayothandana | ayothandana | eyothandana | awayuthandana | angeyuthandana | engeyuthandana |
| class 7 | siyothandana | esiyothandana | siyothandana | asiyuthandana | esingeyuthandana | singeyuthandana |
| class 8 | ziyothandana | eziyothandana | ziyothandana | aziyuthandana | ezingeyuthandana | zingeyuthandana |
| class 9 | iyothandana | eyothandana | iyothandana | ayiyuthandana | engeyuthandana | ingeyuthandana |
| class 10 | ziyothandana | eziyothandana | ziyothandana | aziyuthandana | ezingeyuthandana | zingeyuthandana |
| class 11 | luyothandana | oluyothandana | luyothandana | aluyuthandana | olungeyuthandana | lungeyuthandana |
| class 14 | buyothandana | obuyothandana | buyothandana | abuyuthandana | obungeyuthandana | bungeyuthandana |
| class 15 | kuyothandana | okuyothandana | kuyothandana | akuyuthandana | okungeyuthandana | kungeyuthandana |
| class 17 | kuyothandana | okuyothandana | kuyothandana | akuyuthandana | okungeyuthandana | kungeyuthandana |
| present subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngithandane | ngingathandani | ||||
| 2nd singular | uthandane | ungathandani | ||||
| 1st plural | sithandane | singathandani | ||||
| 2nd plural | nithandane | ningathandani | ||||
| class 1 | athandane | angathandani | ||||
| class 2 | bathandane | bangathandani | ||||
| class 3 | uthandane | ungathandani | ||||
| class 4 | ithandane | ingathandani | ||||
| class 5 | lithandane | lingathandani | ||||
| class 6 | athandane | angathandani | ||||
| class 7 | sithandane | singathandani | ||||
| class 8 | zithandane | zingathandani | ||||
| class 9 | ithandane | ingathandani | ||||
| class 10 | zithandane | zingathandani | ||||
| class 11 | luthandane | lungathandani | ||||
| class 14 | buthandane | bungathandani | ||||
| class 15 | kuthandane | kungathandani | ||||
| class 17 | kuthandane | kungathandani | ||||
| past subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngathandana | ngangathandana, angathandana, angangathandana | ||||
| 2nd singular | wathandana | wangathandana, awathandana, awangathandana | ||||
| 1st plural | sathandana | sangathandana, asathandana, asangathandana | ||||
| 2nd plural | nathandana | nangathandana, anathandana, anangathandana | ||||
| class 1 | wathandana | wangathandana, akathandana, akangathandana | ||||
| class 2 | bathandana | bangathandana, abathandana, abangathandana | ||||
| class 3 | wathandana | wangathandana, awathandana, awangathandana | ||||
| class 4 | yathandana | yangathandana, ayathandana, ayangathandana | ||||
| class 5 | lathandana | langathandana, alathandana, alangathandana | ||||
| class 6 | athandana | angathandana, awathandana, awangathandana | ||||
| class 7 | sathandana | sangathandana, asathandana, asangathandana | ||||
| class 8 | zathandana | zangathandana, azathandana, azangathandana | ||||
| class 9 | yathandana | yangathandana, ayathandana, ayangathandana | ||||
| class 10 | zathandana | zangathandana, azathandana, azangathandana | ||||
| class 11 | lwathandana | lwangathandana, alwathandana, alwangathandana | ||||
| class 14 | bathandana | bangathandana, abathandana, abangathandana | ||||
| class 15 | kwathandana | kwangathandana, akwathandana, akwangathandana | ||||
| class 17 | kwathandana | kwangathandana, akwathandana, akwangathandana | ||||
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “thanda”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “thanda”