torfian

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *turbōną, *turbijaną (“to turn, twist”), from Proto-Indo-European *derbʰ- (“to tie together, weave”). Related to Old English tearflian (“to turn, roll, wallow”), Alemannic German zirbeln (“to swirl, whirl, roll”), Icelandic tyrfa (“to cover with turf”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈtor.fi.ɑn/, [ˈtorˠ.vi.ɑn]

Verb

torfian

  1. to throw, shoot missiles at, launch
  2. to stone
  3. to be tossed

Conjugation

Conjugation of torfian (weak, class 2)
infinitive torfian torfienne
indicative mood present tense past tense
first person singular torfiġe torfode
second person singular torfast torfodest
third person singular torfaþ torfode
plural torfiaþ torfodon
subjunctive present tense past tense
singular torfiġe torfode
plural torfiġen torfoden
imperative
singular torfa
plural torfiaþ
participle present past
torfiende (ġe)torfod

Derived terms

  • atorfian (“to throw forth”)
  • ġetorfian (“to stone”)
  • oftorfian (“to stone to death”)
  • tōtorfian (“to fling in different directions”)

Descendants

  • Middle English: torvien, torven

References

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