Egyptian
Pronunciation
- (passive participle): (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈwaʕʀVw/ → /ˈwaʕə/ → /waʕ/
Verb
3-lit.
- (intransitive) to speak evil, to curse or blaspheme (+ ḥr: about, against) [since Middle Kingdom literature]
- (transitive) to revile (someone or something) [since the New Kingdom]
Usage notes
Possibly the same word as wꜣ (“to brood, to conspire”).
Inflection
Conjugation of wꜥꜣ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: wꜥꜣ, geminated stem: wꜥꜣꜣ
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
wꜥꜣ
|
wꜥꜣw, wꜥꜣ
|
wꜥꜣt
|
wꜥꜣ
|
wꜥꜣ
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
wꜥꜣ
|
ḥr wꜥꜣ
|
m wꜥꜣ
|
r wꜥꜣ
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
wꜥꜣ.n
|
wꜥꜣw, wꜥꜣ
|
consecutive
|
wꜥꜣ.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
wꜥꜣt
|
| perfective3
|
wꜥꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
wꜥꜣ.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
wꜥꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
wꜥꜣ
|
wꜥꜣꜣ
|
potentialis1
|
wꜥꜣ.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
wꜥꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
wꜥꜣ.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
wꜥꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
wꜥꜣ
|
wꜥꜣ, wꜥꜣw5, wꜥꜣy5
|
| imperfective
|
wꜥꜣ, wꜥꜣy, wꜥꜣw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
wꜥꜣ, wꜥꜣj6, wꜥꜣy6
|
wꜥꜣ, wꜥꜣw5
|
| prospective
|
wꜥꜣ, wꜥꜣtj7
|
—
|
wꜥꜣtj4, wꜥꜣt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wꜥꜣ
|
|
|
|
| wꜥꜣ
|
wꜥꜣ
|
wꜥꜣ
|
| [Late Egyptian]
|
[Late Egyptian]
|
[Late Period]
|
Descendants
- Demotic: wꜥy
- (From the passive participle:)
- ⇒ Akhmimic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲁ (oua)
- ⇒ Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲁ (oua)
- ⇒ Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲁ (oua)
References
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 244.10–244.13
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 57
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 458.