Egyptian
Pronunciation
Verb
3-lit.
- (intransitive) to be(come) weary or tired, to tire
- (intransitive, figuratively) to die
c. 1900 BCE – 1839 BCE,
Coffin Texts, version B1C (coffin of Sepi III, Cairo CG 28083) spell 755:
[1]- wrḏ ꜥwt m ws(j)r nj wrḏ zpwj snwj nj ḥwꜣ.sn ꜣd.sn nj [bn.sn nj][2] jr mw ḏw
- The limbs in Osiris are weary (i.e. dead), but won’t be weary, won’t be weary, they won’t putrefy or decay, [they] won’t [swell up, won’t] make foul fluid (literally, “evil water”).
Inflection
Conjugation of wrḏ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: wrḏ, geminated stem: wrḏḏ
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
wrḏ
|
wrḏw, wrḏ
|
wrḏt
|
wrḏ
|
wrḏ
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
wrḏ
|
ḥr wrḏ
|
m wrḏ
|
r wrḏ
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
| perfect
|
wrḏ.n
|
consecutive
|
wrḏ.jn
|
| terminative
|
wrḏt
|
| perfective3
|
wrḏ
|
obligative1
|
wrḏ.ḫr
|
| imperfective
|
wrḏ
|
| prospective3
|
wrḏ
|
potentialis1
|
wrḏ.kꜣ
|
| subjunctive
|
wrḏ
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
wrḏ.n
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
wrḏ
|
wrḏ
|
wrḏ, wrḏw5, wrḏy5
|
| imperfective
|
wrḏ, wrḏy, wrḏw5
|
wrḏ, wrḏj6, wrḏy6
|
wrḏ, wrḏw5
|
| prospective
|
wrḏ, wrḏtj7
|
wrḏtj4, wrḏt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wrḏ
Derived terms
References
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 337.1–338.7
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 65
- ^ de Buck, Adriaan (1956) The Egyptian Coffin Texts, volume VI, page 384 i–l
- ^ Faulkner, Raymond (1977) The Ancient Egyptian Coffin Texts, volume 2, pages 288–289