ystyr
Welsh
Etymology
From Middle Welsh ystyr, from Latin historia (“story”), from Ancient Greek ἱστορία (historía).
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˈəsdɨ̞r/, [ˈəstɨ̞r]
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˈəsdɪr/, [ˈəstɪr]
Noun
ystyr m or f (plural ystyron)
Derived terms
- cyfystyr (“synonym”)
- diystyr (“meaningless”)
- gwrthystyr (“antonym”)
Verb
ystyr (first-person singular present ystyriaf)
- alternative form of ystyried
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | ystyriaf | ystyri | ystyria | ystyriwn | ystyriwch | ystyriant | ystyrir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional | ystyriwn | ystyrit | ystyriai | ystyriem | ystyriech | ystyrient | ystyrid | |
| preterite | ystyriais | ystyriaist | ystyriodd | ystyriasom | ystyriasoch | ystyriasant | ystyriwyd | |
| pluperfect | ystyriaswn | ystyriasit | ystyriasai | ystyriasem | ystyriasech | ystyriasent | ystyriasid, ystyriesid | |
| present subjunctive | ystyriwyf | ystyriech | ystyrio | ystyriom | ystyrioch | ystyriont | ystyrier | |
| imperative | — | ystyria | ystyried | ystyriwn | ystyriwch | ystyrient | ystyrier | |
| verbal noun | ||||||||
| verbal adjectives | ystyriedig — | |||||||
| inflected colloquial forms |
singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | ystyria i, ystyriaf i |
ystyri di | ystyrith o/e/hi, ystyriff e/hi |
ystyriwn ni | ystyriwch chi | ystyrian nhw |
| conditional | ystyriwn i, ystyriswn i |
ystyriet ti, ystyriset ti |
ystyriai fo/fe/hi, ystyrisai fo/fe/hi |
ystyrien ni, ystyrisen ni |
ystyriech chi, ystyrisech chi |
ystyrien nhw, ystyrisen nhw |
| preterite | ystyriais i, ystyries i |
ystyriaist ti, ystyriest ti |
ystyriodd o/e/hi | ystyrion ni | ystyrioch chi | ystyrion nhw |
| imperative | — | ystyria | — | — | ystyriwch | — |
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.
Mutation
| radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
|---|---|---|---|
| ystyr | unchanged | unchanged | hystyr |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ystyr”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies