ziema

See also: ziemā, žiema, and žiemą

Latvian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ,[1] from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéyōm.[2]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [zìɛma]

Noun

ziema f (4th declension)

  1. winter (season of the year between autumn and spring, from December 23 to March 22 in the Northern Hemisphere, characterized by the lowest yearly temperatures)
    auksta, barga ziema ― cold, harsh winter
    maiga ziema ― mild winter
    bezsniega ziema ― snowless winter
    iestājas ziema ― winter has begun
    ziemas vakars ― winter evening, night
    nākamajā ziemā ― (in) next winter
    dziļa ziema ― deep winter (i.e., with a lot of snow)
    ziemas saulgrieži ― winter solstice
    pēc garās ziemas, kas bija sākusies novembrī un vēl aprīlī negribēja aiziet, atnāca pavasaris, jo nav tādas ziemas, kurai reiz nesekotu pavasaris ― after a long winter that had started in November and in April still didn't want to go, came spring, because there is no such thing as winter which is not followed by spring
  2. (in the genetive, used adjectivally) winter, typical of winter, used in winter
    Ziemassvētki ― Christmas (lit. winter holiday, festival)
    ziemas dārzs ― winter garden (a room for plants in the house)
    ziemas guļa ― hibernation (lit. winter sleep)
    ziemas sports ― winter sports
    ziemas olimpiskās spēles ― winter olympic games
    ziemas mētelis ― winter coat
    ziemas riepas ― winter tires (for driving on snow or ice)
    ziemas kvieši ― winter wheat (sown in autumn, mature the next year)
    ziemas āboli ― winter apples (those that mature in autumn)
    apaudzis biezu ziemas spalvu, suns izskatījās lielāks nekā toreiz, kad mežā to atstāja likteņā ziņā ― having grown a thick winter fur, the dog looked bigger than the time when he was left to his fate in the forest

Declension

Declension of ziema (4th declension)
singular plural
nominative ziema ziemas
genitive ziemas ziemu
dative ziemai ziemām
accusative ziemu ziemas
instrumental ziemu ziemām
locative ziemā ziemās
vocative ziema ziemas

Derived terms

See also

References

  1. ^ Kim, Ronald (2018) “The Phonology of Balto-Slavic”, in Jared S. Klein, Brian Joseph, and Matthias Fritz, editors, Handbook of Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook‎[1], Berlin: de Gruyter, →ISBN
  2. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “ziema”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca [Latvian Etymological Dictionary]‎[2] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
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