This is a terrible hack. It will expose an unprotected method that writes to your DB.
But it works.
I was really annoyed to lack this feature so I digged into the Velocity code to find out that they have a VelocityLogs collection that is globally accessible. But you need to access it from your production, not testing, instance to see it in the web reporter.
So it then took me a good while to get Meteor CORS enabled, but I finally managed - even for Firefox - to create a new route within IronRouter to POST log messages to. (CORS could be nicer with this suggestion - but you really shouldn't expose this anyway.)
You'll need to meteor add http for this.
Place outside of /tests:
if Meteor.isServer
  Router.route 'log', ->
    if @request.method is 'OPTIONS'
      @response.setHeader 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin', '*'
      @response.setHeader 'Access-Control-Allow-Methods', 'POST, OPTIONS'
      @response.setHeader 'Access-Control-Max-Age', 1000
      @response.setHeader 'Access-Control-Allow-Headers', 'origin, x-csrftoken, content-type, accept'
      @response.end()
      return
    if @request.method is 'POST'
      logEntry = @request.body
      logEntry.level ?= 'unspecified'
      logEntry.framework ?= 'log hack'
      logEntry.timestamp ?= moment().format("HH:mm:ss.SSS")
      _id = VelocityLogs.insert(logEntry)
      @response.setHeader 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin', '*'
      @response.end(_id)
      return
  , where: 'server'
Within tests/mocha/lib or similar, as a utility function:
@log = (message, framework, level) ->
  HTTP.post "http://localhost:3000/log",
    data: { message: message, framework: framework, level: level}
    (error) -> console.dir error
For coffee haters: coffeescript.org > TRY NOW > Paste the code to convert > Get your good old JavaScript.