I am searching for software that can reconstruct the exact pixels from a photo of an old videogame or a piece pixel-art. The goal would be the re-digitalization of digital images that only survived in an analog copy, say images of Mario Paint that where captured on a VHS tape or old digital art that only survived as a printout. Does such software exist?

This problem has quite some similarities with the scanning of 2D barcodes. Perhaps some software exists from that area that could be used for this purpose.