Wikipedia has this to say about the loopback address
Various IETF standards reserve the IPv4 address block 127/8 (from which 127.0.0.1 is most commonly used), the IPv6 address ::1, and the name localhost for this purpose.
So any address in the 127.255.255.255 subnet should comply? However OS-X (10.8.5) only responds to pings on 127.0.0.1
$ ping 127.0.0.1
PING 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.050 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.077 ms
^C
$ ping 127.1.2.3
PING 127.1.2.3 (127.1.2.3): 56 data bytes
Request timeout for icmp_seq 0
Request timeout for icmp_seq 1
^C
Linux (an old Ubuntu 10.04 VM) responds from the supplied address
$ ping 127.1.2.3
PING 127.1.2.3 (127.1.2.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 127.1.2.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.088 ms
64 bytes from 127.1.2.3: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.022 ms
^C
While Windows (XP) responds always from 127.0.0.1
C:\>ping 127.1.2.3
Pinging 127.1.2.3 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 127.0.0.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128
Reply from 127.0.0.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128
Is OS-X not conforming to the standards here? What about XP?