íarn

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *īsarnom (compare Welsh haearn, Breton houarn), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésh₂r̥.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /iːa̯rn/

Noun

íarn n or m (genitive íairn or éirn, nominative plural íairn or éirn)

iron

Inflection

Disyllabic declension if neuter:

Neuter o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	íarn^N	íarn^N	íarn^L, íarna
vocative	íarn^N	íarn^N	íarn^L, íarna
accusative	íarn^N	íarn^N	íarn^L, íarna
genitive	ïairn^L	íarn	íarn^N
dative	ïurn^L	íarnaib	íarnaib

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

^H = triggers aspiration
^L = triggers lenition
^N = triggers nasalization

Monosyllabic declension if neuter:

Neuter o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	íarn^N	íarn^N	íarn^L, íarna
vocative	íarn^N	íarn^N	íarn^L, íarna
accusative	íarn^N	íarn^N	íarn^L, íarna
genitive	éirn^L	íarn	íarn^N
dative	íarn^L	íarnaib	íarnaib

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

^H = triggers aspiration
^L = triggers lenition
^N = triggers nasalization

Disyllabic declension if masculine:

Masculine o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	íarn	íarn^L	ïairn^L
vocative	ïairn	íarn^L	íarnu^H
accusative	íarn^N	íarn^L	íarnu^H
genitive	ïairn^L	íarn	íarn^N
dative	ïurn^L	íarnaib	íarnaib

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

^H = triggers aspiration
^L = triggers lenition
^N = triggers nasalization

Monosyllabic declension if masculine:

Masculine o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	íarn	íarn^L	éirn^L
vocative	éirn	íarn^L	íarnu^H
accusative	íarn^N	íarn^L	íarnu^H
genitive	éirn^L	íarn	íarn^N
dative	íarn^L	íarnaib	íarnaib

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

^H = triggers aspiration
^L = triggers lenition
^N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

Irish: iarann
Manx: yiarn
Scottish Gaelic: iarann

Mutation

Mutation of *íarn*
radical	lenition	nasalization
íarn (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)	íarn	n-íarn

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “íarn”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language