žasti

Lithuanian

Etymology

Related to žadė́ti (to promise);[1] the underlying root is of uncertain origin. According to Blažek, it may be from Proto-Indo-European *ǵeh₂dʰ- (to rejoice), and be cognate with Ancient Greek γηθέω (gēthéō, to rejoice, triumph), Tocharian B kātk- (id), Latin gaudeō (id) (note that the Proto-Indo-European root is usually reconstructed with a *g, rather than a palatal ).[2][3] However, this derivation fails to explain the underlying short vowel, and is, on balance, semantically rather weak. Smoczyński proposes Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰodʰ- as a plausible origin.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈʒaːsʲtʲɪ/

Verb

žàsti (third-person present tense žañda, third-person past tense žãdo)[4]

  1. (archaic) to say

Conjugation

Conjugation of žasti
singular vienaskaita plural daugiskaita
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
tu jis/ji mes jūs jie/jos
indicative present žandù žandi̇̀ žañda žañdame,
žañdam
žañdate,
žañdat
žañda
past žadaũ žadai̇̃ žãdo žãdome,
žãdom
žãdote,
žãdot
žãdo
past frequentative žàsdavau žàsdavai žàsdavo žàsdavome,
žàsdavom
žàsdavote,
žàsdavot
žàsdavo
future žàsiu žàsi žàs žàsime,
žàsim
žàsite,
žàsit
žàs
subjunctive žàsčiau žàstum,
žàstumei
žàstų žàstumėme,
žàstumėm,
žàstume
žàstumėte,
žàstumėt
žàstų
imperative žàsk,
žàski
težañda,
težañdie
žàskime,
žàskim
žàskite,
žàskit
težañda,
težañdie
Participles of žasti
adjectival (dalyviai)
active passive
present žañdąs, žañdantis žañdamas
past žãdęs žàstas
past frequentative žàsdavęs
future žàsiąs, žàsiantis žàsimas
participle of necessity žàstinas
adverbial
special pusdalyvis žàsdamas
half-participle present žañdant
past žãdus
past frequentative žàsdavus
future žàsiant
manner of action būdinys žàste, žàstinai

Derived terms

prefixed forms of žàsti
  • atžàsti (to respond)
  • išžàsti (to pronounce, utter)
  • pažàsti (to wake up)
  • pražàsti (to speak, call (someone))
  • sužàsti (to wake up; to agree)

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Smoczyński, Wojciech (2007) “žàsti”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka litewskiego[1] (in Polish), Vilnius: Uniwersytet Wileński, page 775
  2. ^ Blažek, Václav (2010) “Lithuanian žõdis "word"”, in Baltistica[2], volume XLV, number 2, Vilnius University, archived from the original on 29 January 2021, page 306
  3. ^ žasti”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
  4. ^ žasti”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2025