žasti
Lithuanian
Etymology
Related to žadė́ti (“to promise”);[1] the underlying root is of uncertain origin. According to Blažek, it may be from Proto-Indo-European *ǵeh₂dʰ- (“to rejoice”), and be cognate with Ancient Greek γηθέω (gēthéō, “to rejoice, triumph”), Tocharian B kātk- (“id”), Latin gaudeō (“id”) (note that the Proto-Indo-European root is usually reconstructed with a *g, rather than a palatal *ǵ).[2][3] However, this derivation fails to explain the underlying short vowel, and is, on balance, semantically rather weak. Smoczyński proposes Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰodʰ- as a plausible origin.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈʒaːsʲtʲɪ/
Verb
žàsti (third-person present tense žañda, third-person past tense žãdo)[4]
- (archaic) to say
Conjugation
| singular vienaskaita | plural daugiskaita | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| aš | tu | jis/ji | mes | jūs | jie/jos | |||
| indicative | present | žandù | žandi̇̀ | žañda | žañdame, žañdam |
žañdate, žañdat |
žañda | |
| past | žadaũ | žadai̇̃ | žãdo | žãdome, žãdom |
žãdote, žãdot |
žãdo | ||
| past frequentative | žàsdavau | žàsdavai | žàsdavo | žàsdavome, žàsdavom |
žàsdavote, žàsdavot |
žàsdavo | ||
| future | žàsiu | žàsi | žàs | žàsime, žàsim |
žàsite, žàsit |
žàs | ||
| subjunctive | žàsčiau | žàstum, žàstumei |
žàstų | žàstumėme, žàstumėm, žàstume |
žàstumėte, žàstumėt |
žàstų | ||
| imperative | — | žàsk, žàski |
težañda, težañdie |
žàskime, žàskim |
žàskite, žàskit |
težañda, težañdie | ||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derived terms
prefixed forms of žàsti
- atžàsti (“to respond”)
- išžàsti (“to pronounce, utter”)
- pažàsti (“to wake up”)
- pražàsti (“to speak, call (someone)”)
- sužàsti (“to wake up; to agree”)
Related terms
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Smoczyński, Wojciech (2007) “žàsti”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka litewskiego[1] (in Polish), Vilnius: Uniwersytet Wileński, page 775
- ^ Blažek, Václav (2010) “Lithuanian žõdis "word"”, in Baltistica[2], volume XLV, number 2, Vilnius University, archived from the original on 29 January 2021, page 306
- ^ “žasti”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
- ^ “žasti”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2025