gaudeo
Latin
Etymology
Probably contracted from *gāvideō, itself built from an otherwise unattested adjective *gāvidus according to the model of other terms such as ārdeō and āridus.[1] The adjective *gāvidus may derive from Proto-Italic *gāwiðos, itself possibly from *geh₂widʰh₁-os. It is likely from the root *geh₂w- (“to rejoice”). The second long vowel in the participle gāvīsus may have formed according to the model of participles such as vīsus.
Cognate with Gāius, γαίω (gaíō), γάνῡμαι (gánūmai),[2] γαῦρος (gaûros), γάνος (gános), Middle Irish guaire (“noble”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈɡau̯.de.oː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈɡaːu̯.d̪e.o]
Verb
gaudeō (present infinitive gaudēre, perfect active gāvīsus sum); second conjugation, semi-deponent
- to rejoice, make merry
- Synonyms: exhilarō, exsultō, ovō, grātulor, congrātulor, fruor
- Antonym: displiceō
- Gaudeāmus igitur, iuvenēs dum sumus.(from the song De Brevitate Vitae)
- Let us therefore rejoice, while we are still young.
- to take pleasure in, be pleased with, delight in, enjoy
- Synonym: pāscor
- 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 2.811:
- Quid, victor, gaudēs? Haec tē victōria perdet.
- What, victor, pleases you? This victory will destroy you.
(The poet admonishes Sextus Tarquinius for his actions and foreshadows events which will follow the rape of Lucretia.)
- What, victor, pleases you? This victory will destroy you.
- Quid, victor, gaudēs? Haec tē victōria perdet.
Conjugation
Conjugation of gaudeō (second conjugation, semi-deponent)
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||||
| active | present | gaudeō | gaudēs | gaudet | gaudēmus | gaudētis | gaudent | ||||||
| imperfect | gaudēbam | gaudēbās | gaudēbat | gaudēbāmus | gaudēbātis | gaudēbant | |||||||
| future | gaudēbō | gaudēbis | gaudēbit | gaudēbimus | gaudēbitis | gaudēbunt | |||||||
| perfect | gāvīsus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||||||||
| pluperfect | gāvīsus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||||||||
| future perfect | gāvīsus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||||
| active | present | gaudeam | gaudeās | gaudeat | gaudeāmus | gaudeātis | gaudeant | ||||||
| imperfect | gaudērem | gaudērēs | gaudēret | gaudērēmus | gaudērētis | gaudērent | |||||||
| perfect | gāvīsus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||||||||
| pluperfect | gāvīsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||||
| active | present | — | gaudē | — | — | gaudēte | — | ||||||
| future | — | gaudētō | gaudētō | — | gaudētōte | gaudentō | |||||||
| non-finite forms | infinitive | participle | |||||||||||
| active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||
| present | gaudēre | — | gaudēns | — | |||||||||
| future | gāvīsūrum esse | — | gāvīsūrus | gaudendus | |||||||||
| perfect | gāvīsum esse | — | gāvīsus | — | |||||||||
| future perfect | gāvīsum fore | — | — | — | |||||||||
| perfect potential | gāvīsūrum fuisse | — | — | — | |||||||||
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||||||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||||||||
| gaudendī | gaudendō | gaudendum | gaudendō | gāvīsum | gāvīsū | ||||||||
Derived terms
Related terms
Descendants
- Balkano-Romance:
- Megleno-Romanian: găudi
- Italo-Dalmatian:
- Rhaeto-Romance:
- Gallo-Italic:
- Romagnol: gudér
- Gallo-Romance:
- Ibero-Romance:
- Borrowings:
References
- ^ Alan J. Nussbaum (1 January 1999) *Jocidus: an account of the Latin adjectives in -idus[1], page 392
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “gaudeō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 255-6
Further reading
- “gaudeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “gaudeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- gaudeo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to rejoice in secret: in sinu gaudere (Tusc. 3. 21. 51)
- to rejoice in secret: in sinu gaudere (Tusc. 3. 21. 51)