γαίω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From earlier *γαϝϳω (*gawjō); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *geh₂w-;[1][2] compare γάνυμαι (gánumai) and Latin gaudeo.[3]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ɡǎi̯.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈɡɛ.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈʝɛ.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈʝe.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈʝe.o/
Verb
γαίω • (gaíō) (Epic)
- to rejoice, exult, take pride in
- αὐτὸς δ’ ἐν κορυφῇσι καθέζετο κύδεϊ γαίων…
- autòs d’ en koruphēîsi kathézeto kúdeï gaíōn…
- but he himself sat down on the mountaintops, rejoicing in his glory…
Usage notes
- In the Iliad, only in the formulaic expression κύδεϊ γαίων (kúdeï gaíōn, “rejoicing in his glory”), used exclusively for gods.
Conjugation
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | γαίω | γαίεις | γαίει | γαίετον | γαίετον | γαίομεν | γαίετε | γαίουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | γαίω, γαίωμῐ |
γαίῃς, γαίῃσθᾰ |
γαίῃ, γαίῃσῐ |
γαίητον | γαίητον | γαίωμεν | γαίητε | γαίωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | γαίοιμῐ | γαίοισ(θᾰ) | γαίοι | γαίοιτον | γαιοίτην | γαίοιμεν | γαίοιτε | γαίοιεν | |||||
| imperative | γαῖε | γαιέτω | γαίετον | γαιέτων | γαίετε | γαιόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | γαίομαι | γαίεαι | γαίεται | γαίεσθον | γαίεσθον | γαιόμε(σ)θᾰ | γαίεσθε | γαίονται | ||||
| subjunctive | γαίωμαι | γαίηαι | γαίηται | γαίησθον | γαίησθον | γαιώμε(σ)θᾰ | γαίησθε | γαίωνται | |||||
| optative | γαιοίμην | γαίοιο | γαίοιτο | γαίοισθον | γαιοίσθην | γαιοίμε(σ)θᾰ | γαίοισθε | γαιοίᾰτο | |||||
| imperative | γαίεο | γαιέσθω | γαίεσθον | γαιέσθων | γαίεσθε | γαιέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | γαίειν / γαιέμεν(αι) / γαιμέναι | γαίεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | γαίων | γαιόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | γαίουσᾰ | γαιομένη | |||||||||||
| n | γαῖον | γαιόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | γαίεσκον | γαίεσκες | γαίεσκε(ν) | γαιέσκετον | γαιεσκέτην | γαιέσκομεν | γαιέσκετε | γαίεσκον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | γαιεσκόμην | γαιέσκου | γαιέσκετο | γαιέσκεσθον | γαιεσκέσθην | γαιεσκόμε(σ)θᾰ | γαιέσκεσθε | γαιέσκοντο | ||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
References
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 163
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 260-261
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “gaudeō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 255
Further reading
- “γαίω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press