αἰδώς

See also: αιδώς and Αἰδώς

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Uncertain. Beekes mentions that derivation from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eysd- (“to laud, honour”) +‎ *-ōs, though semantically attractive, is formally difficult. Expected would be *αἰζώς.^[1] (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ai̯.dɔ̌ːs/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ɛˈdos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ɛˈðos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /eˈðos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /eˈðos/

Noun

αἰδώς • (aidṓs) f (genitive αἰδοῦς); third declension

shame
respect, awe
reverence
modesty
- New Testament, First Epistle to Timothy 2:9:^[2]
  Ὡσαύτως καὶ γυναῖκας ἐν καταστολῇ κοσμίῳ μετὰ αἰδοῦς καὶ σωφροσύνης κοσμεῖν ἑαυτάς...
  Hōsaútōs kaì gunaîkas en katastolēî kosmíōi metà aidoûs kaì sōphrosúnēs kosmeîn heautás...
  And in the same way, [I desire] that women in decent clothing dress themselves with modesty and temperance...
- 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia §139c:
  Οὐκ ὀρθῶς Ἡρόδοτος εἶπεν ὅτι ἡ γυνὴ ἅμα τῷ χιτῶνι ἐκδύεται καὶ τὴν αἰδῶ· τοὐναντίον γὰρ ἡ σώφρων ἀντενδύεται τὴν αἰδῶ...
  Ouk orthôs Hēródotos eîpen hóti hē gunḕ háma tōî khitôni ekdúetai kaì tḕn aidô; tounantíon gàr hē sṓphrōn antendúetai tḕn aidô...
  Not correctly did Herodotus say that a woman, when her chiton [is stripped off], also takes off her modesty: for on the contrary, she who is chaste puts on modesty in its place...

Declension

Irregular declension of ἡ αἰδώς; τῆς αἰδοῦς (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ αἰδώς / αἰδώ hē aidṓs / aidṓ	τὼ αἰδῶε tṑ aidôe	αἱ αἰδῶες / αἰδοί hai aidôes / aidoí
Genitive	τῆς αἰδοῦς tês aidoûs	τοῖν αἰδώοιν toîn aidṓoin	τῶν αἰδώων tôn aidṓōn
Dative	τῇ αἰδοῖ tēî aidoî	τοῖν αἰδώοιν toîn aidṓoin	ταῖς αἰδῶσι taîs aidôsi
Accusative	τὴν αἰδῶ tḕn aidô	τὼ αἰδῶε tṑ aidôe	τᾱ̀ς αἰδῶας tā̀s aidôas
Vocative	αἰδώς / αἰδώ aidṓs / aidṓ	αἰδῶε aidôe	αἰδῶες / αἰδοί aidôes / aidoí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

αἰδέομαι (aidéomai)
αἰδέσιμος (aidésimos)
αἴδεσις (aídesis)
αἰδεστός (aidestós)
αἰδήμων (aidḗmōn)
αἰδοῖον (aidoîon)
αἰδοῖος (aidoîos)
ἀναιδής (anaidḗs)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “αἴδομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 34
^ Novum Testamentum Graece, ed. Kurt Aland, Barbara Aland, Johannes Karavidopoulos, Carlo M. Martini, and Bruce M. Metzger, 28th ed. (Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2012).

“αἰδώς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“αἰδώς”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“αἰδώς”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
αἰδώς in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
“αἰδώς”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G127 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- awe idem, page 56.
- bashfulness idem, page 64.
- compunction idem, page 154.
- confusion idem, page 159.
- consideration idem, page 163.
- constraint idem, page 165.
- decency idem, page 200.
- deference idem, page 205.
- demureness idem, page 210.
- diffldence idem, page 223.
- dutifulness idem, page 257.
- honour idem, page 404.
- mercy idem, page 525.
- modesty idem, page 538.
- propriety idem, page 653.
- regard idem, page 686.
- reserve idem, page 701.
- respect idem, page 703.
- respectfulness idem, page 703.
- restraint idem, page 705.
- reticence idem, page 706.
- reverence idem, page 709.
- scrupulousness idem, page 743.
- sedateness idem, page 748.
- self-consciousness idem, page 750.
- self-respect idem, page 751.
- shame idem, page 761.
- shame-facedness idem, page 761.
- shyness idem, page 772.
- veneration idem, page 946.
αἰδώς, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “αἴδομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 34

[2] Novum Testamentum Graece, ed. Kurt Aland, Barbara Aland, Johannes Karavidopoulos, Carlo M. Martini, and Bruce M. Metzger, 28th ed. (Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2012).

[1]

[2]