Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-ōs
Proto-Indo-European
Alternate Reconstructions
- *(é)-ōs ~ *(é)-es-os (acrostatic)[1]
Etymology
From *(é)-os-s from *(é)-os (neuter s-stem) + *-s (non-neuter nominative), with simplification of the geminate consonant /s/ and compensatory lengthening. Compare *-yōs.
Suffix
*(é)-ōs m or f
- Creates masculine and feminine action nouns or result nouns from verbs.
Usage notes
The use of *-ōs as a derivational suffix to form nouns is supported by very limited evidence in Proto-Indo-European or any descendants other than Latin (where -or, -ōris became a somewhat common means of deriving masculine abstract nouns from the stems of verbs or occasionally adjectives) and descendants of Latin.
Inflection
| Athematic, amphikinetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | |||
| nominative | *(é)-ōs | ||
| genitive | *(Ø)-sés | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *(é)-ōs | *(é)-osh₁(e) | *(é)-oses |
| vocative | *(é)-os | *(é)-osh₁(e) | *(é)-oses |
| accusative | *(é)-osm̥ | *(é)-osh₁(e) | *(é)-osm̥s |
| genitive | *(Ø)-sés | *? | *(Ø)-sóHom |
| ablative | *(Ø)-sés | *? | *(Ø)-smós, *(Ø)-sbʰós |
| dative | *(Ø)-séy | *? | *(Ø)-smós, *(Ø)-sbʰós |
| locative | *(Ø)-és, *(Ø)-ési | *? | *(Ø)-sú |
| instrumental | *(Ø)-séh₁ | *? | *(Ø)-smís, *(Ø)-sbʰís |
Derived terms
Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-ōs
Related terms
Descendants
References
- ^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 309