Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os
Proto-Indo-European
Suffix
*(é)-os n
- Creates action nouns or result nouns from verbs.
Inflection
| Athematic, acrostatic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | |||
| nominative | *(é)-os | ||
| genitive | *(é)-esos | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *(é)-os | *(é)-esih₁ | *(é)-ōs |
| vocative | *(é)-os | *(é)-esih₁ | *(é)-ōs |
| accusative | *(é)-os | *(é)-esih₁ | *(é)-ōs |
| genitive | *(é)-esos | *? | *(é)-esoHom |
| ablative | *(é)-esos | *? | *(é)-esmos, *(é)-esbʰos |
| dative | *(é)-esey | *? | *(é)-esmos, *(é)-esbʰos |
| locative | *(é)-es, *(é)-esi | *? | *(é)-esu |
| instrumental | *(é)-esh₁ | *? | *(é)-esmis, *(é)-esbʰis |
Derived terms
Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-os (athematic)
Descendants
- Proto-Celtic: *-os (s-stem nouns)
- Proto-Germanic: *-az (z-stem nouns)
- Proto-Hellenic: *-os (s-stem nouns)
- Ancient Greek: -ος (-os)
- Proto-Hellenic: *-ehen (< alternative locative form *-esen)
- Ancient Greek: -ειν (-ein)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-a
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-as
- Proto-Italic: *-os
- Proto-Italic: *-ezi (< locative ending *-esi)
- Proto-Albanian: *-ʉh
- Illyrian: *-urio
Suffix
*(ó)-os m
- Creates nouns from verb stems denoting the performance or result of that verb.
Inflection
| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | |||
| nominative | *(ó)-os | ||
| genitive | *(ó)-osyo | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *(ó)-os | *(ó)-oh₁ | *(ó)-oes |
| vocative | *(ó)-e | *(ó)-oh₁ | *(ó)-oes |
| accusative | *(ó)-om | *(ó)-oh₁ | *(ó)-oms |
| genitive | *(ó)-osyo | *? | *(ó)-oHom |
| ablative | *(ó)-ead | *? | *(ó)-omos, *(ó)-obʰos |
| dative | *(ó)-oey | *? | *(ó)-omos, *(ó)-obʰos |
| locative | *(ó)-ey, *(ó)-oy | *? | *(ó)-oysu |
| instrumental | *(ó)-oh₁ | *? | *(ó)-ōys |
Reconstruction notes
This type of thematic action noun, with stress on the first o-grade vowel, is known as the τόμος (tómos)-type nouns in the literature.
Derived terms
Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-os (thematic)
Related terms
Descendants
- Anatolian:
- Hittite: a-stem nouns
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: o-stem nouns
- Proto-Celtic: *-os (causative/iterative verbal noun suffix)
- Proto-Germanic: a-stem nouns
- Proto-Hellenic: o-stem nouns
- Ancient Greek: τόμος-type nouns
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: a-stem nouns
- Proto-Italic: o-stem nouns