Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kripsós
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
From *kreyp- (“to turn”) + *-os (action noun suffix) + *-ós (possessive adjective suffix).[1] The same root also gave Lithuanian krei̇̃pti (“to turn”) and Old Norse hreifa (“to swing”).[2]
De Vaan's reconstruction and decomposition *kris-p-o-, extracting a root *kreys- from which he also derives Latin crīnis,[3] must be rejected due to requiring an unexplainable *-p- extension. Matasović and Kroonen copy and accept De Vaan's derivation.[4][5]
Adjective
*kripsós
Inflection
| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *kripsós | *kripséh₂ | |
| genitive | *kripsósyo | *kripséh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kripsós | *kripsóh₁ | *kripsóes |
| vocative | *kripsé | *kripsóh₁ | *kripsóes |
| accusative | *kripsóm | *kripsóh₁ | *kripsóms |
| genitive | *kripsósyo | *? | *kripsóHom |
| ablative | *kripséad | *? | *kripsómos, *kripsóbʰos |
| dative | *kripsóey | *? | *kripsómos, *kripsóbʰos |
| locative | *kripséy, *kripsóy | *? | *kripsóysu |
| instrumental | *kripsóh₁ | *? | *kripsṓys |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kripséh₂ | *kripséh₂h₁(e) | *kripséh₂es |
| vocative | *kripséh₂ | *kripséh₂h₁(e) | *kripséh₂es |
| accusative | *kripsā́m | *kripséh₂h₁(e) | *kripséh₂m̥s |
| genitive | *kripséh₂s | *? | *kripséh₂oHom |
| ablative | *kripséh₂s | *? | *kripséh₂mos, *kripséh₂bʰos |
| dative | *kripséh₂ey | *? | *kripséh₂mos, *kripséh₂bʰos |
| locative | *kripséh₂, *kripséh₂i | *? | *kripséh₂su |
| instrumental | *kripséh₂h₁ | *? | *kripséh₂mis, *kripséh₂bʰis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kripsóm | *kripsóy(h₁) | *kripséh₂ |
| vocative | *kripsóm | *kripsóy(h₁) | *kripséh₂ |
| accusative | *kripsóm | *kripsóy(h₁) | *kripséh₂ |
| genitive | *kripsósyo | *? | *kripsóHom |
| ablative | *kripséad | *? | *kripsómos, *kripsóbʰos |
| dative | *kripsóey | *? | *kripsómos, *kripsóbʰos |
| locative | *kripséy, *kripsóy | *? | *kripsóysu |
| instrumental | *kripsóh₁ | *? | *kripsṓys |
Descendants
- Proto-Celtic: *krixsos (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic:
- Proto-Italic: *krispos
- Latin: crispus (see there for further descendants)
References
- ^ Höfler, Stefan (2019) Story of O: On a peculiar substantivization type in PIE[1], Leiden: 5th Indo-European Research Colloquium
- ^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “crixsos”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 130
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 145
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*krixso-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 226
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hrispōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 248