Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/yéwgos

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *yewg- (“to join, to yoke, to tie together”) +‎ *-os (suffix creating action/result nouns from verbs).

Noun

*yéwgos n (oblique stem *yéwges-)^[1]

team, pair of yoked animals

Inflection

Athematic, acrostatic
	singular
nominative	*yéwgos
genitive	*yéwgesos
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*yéwgos	*yéwgesih₁	*yéwgōs
vocative	*yéwgos	*yéwgesih₁	*yéwgōs
accusative	*yéwgos	*yéwgesih₁	*yéwgōs
genitive	*yéwgesos	*?	*yéwgesoHom
ablative	*yéwgesos	*?	yéwgesmos, yéwgesbʰos
dative	*yéwgesey	*?	yéwgesmos, yéwgesbʰos
locative	yéwges, yéwgesi	*?	*yéwgesu
instrumental	*yéwgesh₁	*?	yéwgesmis, yéwgesbʰis

Descendants

Proto-Germanic: *jeukaz, *jūkaz
- Old English: gȳċer
- Old High German: *jūh (in the compound jūhhart)
  - Middle High German: jiuch
- Gothic: 𐌾𐌿𐌺𐌿𐌶𐌹 (jukuzi)
Proto-Hellenic: *dzéugos
- Ancient Greek: ζεῦγος (zeûgos)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *yáwgas (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Italic: *jougos
- Latin: iūgera pl
- (possibly) → Italic: *jougVstos, *jougVstād
  - Latin: iūxtā

References

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

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