Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pórḱos

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

    The original meaning was "digger",[1] from *perḱ- (“to dig”) +‎ *-os. See also furrow.

    Noun

    *pórḱos m (non-ablauting)[1][2][3][4][5][6]

    1. piglet

    Inflection

    Thematic
    singular
    nominative *pórḱos
    genitive *pórḱosyo
    singular dual plural
    nominative *pórḱos *pórḱoh₁ *pórḱoes
    vocative *pórḱe *pórḱoh₁ *pórḱoes
    accusative *pórḱom *pórḱoh₁ *pórḱoms
    genitive *pórḱosyo *? *pórḱoHom
    ablative *pórḱead *? *pórḱomos, *pórḱobʰos
    dative *pórḱoey *? *pórḱomos, *pórḱobʰos
    locative *pórḱey, *pórḱoy *? *pórḱoysu
    instrumental *pórḱoh₁ *? *pórḱōys

    Descendants

    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *párśas
      • East Baltic:
        • Lithuanian: par̃šas
          • ⇒ Lithuanian: paršiùkas[7]
            • → Belarusian: парсю́к (parsjúk); паршу́к (paršúk) (dialectal)
            • → Polish: parsiuk, porszuk (dialectal)
            • → Russian: парcу́к (parcúk) (dialectal)
            • → Ukrainian: паршу́к (paršúk), порсю́к (porsjúk) (dialectal)
      • West Baltic:
        • Old Prussian: prastian
      • Proto-Slavic: *porsę (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Celtic: *ɸorkos (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Germanic: *farhaz (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *párćas
      • Proto-Iranian: *párcah (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Italic: *porkos (see there for further descendants)
    • Lusitanian: porcom
    • → Proto-Finno-Permic: *porćas (through either Balto-Slavic or Indo-Iranian)
      • Proto-Finnic: *porcas (see there for further descendants)

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “porcus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 481: “*pórk-o-”
    2. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*forko-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 140/141: “*porḱo-”
    3. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*farha-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 129: “*porḱ-o-”
    4. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pȏrsę”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 414: “*porḱ-os”
    5. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “*paršas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 344: “*porḱos”
    6. ^ Buck, Carl Darling (1949) A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pages 160–161
    7. ^ Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “паршу́к”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
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