βαρεῖα

See also: βαρεία and βαρείᾳ

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From the adjective βᾰρῠ́ς (bărŭ́s, “low in pitch”): as a noun, a substantivisation of its feminine forms, in elliptical usage for ἡ βᾰρεῖᾰ προσῳδῐ́ᾱ (hē băreîă prosōidĭ́ā, “the grave accent”); as an adjective, regularly declined forms.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ba.rêː.a/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /baˈri.a/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /βaˈri.a/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /vaˈri.a/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /vaˈri.a/

Noun

βᾰρεῖᾰ • (băreîă) f (genitive βᾰρείᾱς); first declension

baria (the grave accent, indicating low or normal pitch)
(Can we find and add a quotation of Apollonius Dyscolus to this entry?)
- 388–380 BC, Plato (author), John Burnet (editor), Κρατύλος in Platonis Opera (1903), 399α–β:
  Σωκράτης: οἷον ‘Διὶ φίλος’ — τοῦτο ἵνα ἀντὶ ῥήματος ὄνομα ἡμῖν γένηται, τό τε ἕτερον αὐτόθεν ἰῶτα ἐξείλομεν καὶ ἀντὶ ὀξείας τῆς μέσης συλλαβῆς βαρεῖαν ἐφθεγξάμεθα.
  Sōkrátēs: hoîon ‘Diì phílos’ — toûto hína antì rhḗmatos ónoma hēmîn génētai, tó te héteron autóthen iôta exeílomen kaì antì oxeías tês mésēs sullabês bareîan ephthenxámetha.
  Socrates: Take, for instance, Διὶ φίλος; to change this from a phrase to a name, we took out the second iota and pronounced the middle syllable with the grave instead of the acute accent (Diphilus). ― translation from: Harold N. Fowler, Plato in Twelve Volumes, volume XII (1921), “Cratylus”, 399b
- 367–322 BC, Aristotle (author), Sir William David Ross (editor), Ῥητορική in Ars Rhetorica (1959), book III, chapter i, § 4:
  ἔστιν δὲ αὕτη μὲν ἐν τῇ φωνῇ, πῶς αὐτῇ δεῖ χρῆσθαι πρὸς ἕκαστον πάθος, οἷον πότε μεγάλῃ καὶ πότε μικρᾷ καὶ μέσῃ, καὶ πῶς τοῖς τόνοις, οἷον ὀξείᾳ καὶ βαρείᾳ καὶ μέσῃ, καὶ ῥυθμοῖς τίσι πρὸς ἕκαστα.
  éstin dè haútē mèn en tēî phōnēî, pôs autēî deî khrêsthai pròs hékaston páthos, hoîon póte megálēi kaì póte mikrāî kaì mésēi, kaì pôs toîs tónois, hoîon oxeíāi kaì bareíāi kaì mésēi, kaì rhuthmoîs tísi pròs hékasta.
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 2nd C. BC, Dionysius Thrax, Τέχνη Γραμματική, § iii: «Περὶ Τόνου»:
  τόνος ἐστὶν ἀπήχησις φωνῆς ἐναρμονίου, ἡ κατὰ ἀνάτασιν ἐν τῇ ὀξείᾳ, ἡ κατὰ ὁμαλισμὸν ἐν τῇ βαρείᾳ, ἡ κατὰ περίκλασιν ἐν τῇ περισπωμένῃ.
  tónos estìn apḗkhēsis phōnês enarmoníou, hē katà anátasin en tēî oxeíāi, hē katà homalismòn en tēî bareíāi, hē katà períklasin en tēî perispōménēi.
  Tone is the resonance of a voice endowed with harmony. It is heightened in the acute, balanced in the grave, and broken in the circumflex. ― translation from: Thomas Davidson, The Grammar of Dionysios Thrax (1874), § iii: “On Tone”, page 4

Declension

First declension of ἡ βᾰρεῖᾰ; τῆς βᾰρείᾱς (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ βᾰρεῖᾰ hē băreîă	τὼ βᾰρείᾱ tṑ băreíā	αἱ βᾰρεῖαι hai băreîai
Genitive	τῆς βᾰρείᾱς tês băreíās	τοῖν βᾰρείαιν toîn băreíain	τῶν βᾰρειῶν tôn băreiôn
Dative	τῇ βᾰρείᾳ tēî băreíāi	τοῖν βᾰρείαιν toîn băreíain	ταῖς βᾰρείαις taîs băreíais
Accusative	τὴν βᾰρεῖᾰν tḕn băreîăn	τὼ βᾰρείᾱ tṑ băreíā	τᾱ̀ς βᾰρείᾱς tā̀s băreíās
Vocative	βᾰρεῖᾰ băreîă	βᾰρείᾱ băreíā	βᾰρεῖαι băreîai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Coordinate terms

(προσῳδίαι ἑλληνικαί) προσῳδία; βαρεῖα ⟨ ` ⟩, βραχεῖα ⟨ ˘ ⟩, δασεῖα ⟨ ῾ ⟩, διαίρεσις ⟨ ¨ ⟩, κορωνίς ⟨ ᾽ ⟩, μακρά ⟨ ¯ ⟩, ὀξεῖα ⟨ ´ ⟩, περισπωμένη ⟨ ῀ ⟩, προσγεγραμμένη ⟨ ι ⟩, ὑπογεγραμμένη ⟨ ͺ ⟩, ψιλή ⟨ ᾿ ⟩ ^{(Category: grc:Diacritical marks)}

Related terms

ὀξῠ́βᾰρις (oxŭ́băris)

Descendants

English: baria
Russian: вари́я (varíja)

References

“βᾰρύς III.1”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Adjective

βᾰρεῖᾰ • (băreîă)

nominative feminine singular of βᾰρῠ́ς (bărŭ́s)
vocative feminine singular of βᾰρῠ́ς (bărŭ́s)