γωνία

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From a derivative of γόνυ (gónu, “knee”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵónu (“id”). The long ω (ō) is from the regular Doric development of an unattested *γονϝ-ία (*gonw-ía), as the paradigm of *ǵónu shows no lengthened grade (thus precluding a derivation from such an ablaut), while most mathematicians in Greek antiquity (who were most likely responsible for the word's formation) were Pythagorean (and thus wrote in Doric).[1] Despite superficial and coincidental similarities, unrelated to Sanskrit कोण (koṇa, “corner, angle”).

Pronunciation

 

Noun

γωνίᾱ • (gōníā) f (genitive γωνίᾱς); first declension

  1. (geometry) corner, angle
  2. joiner's square
  3. cornerstone

Declension

First declension of ἡ γωνῐ́ᾱ; τῆς γωνῐ́ᾱς (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ἡ γωνῐ́ᾱ
hē gōnĭ́ā 		τὼ γωνῐ́ᾱ
tṑ gōnĭ́ā 		αἱ γωνῐ́αι
hai gōnĭ́ai
Genitive τῆς γωνῐ́ᾱς
tês gōnĭ́ās 		τοῖν γωνῐ́αιν
toîn gōnĭ́ain 		τῶν γωνῐῶν
tôn gōnĭôn
Dative τῇ γωνῐ́ᾳ
tēî gōnĭ́āi 		τοῖν γωνῐ́αιν
toîn gōnĭ́ain 		ταῖς γωνῐ́αις
taîs gōnĭ́ais
Accusative τὴν γωνῐ́ᾱν
tḕn gōnĭ́ān 		τὼ γωνῐ́ᾱ
tṑ gōnĭ́ā 		τᾱ̀ς γωνῐ́ᾱς
tā̀s gōnĭ́ās
Vocative γωνῐ́ᾱ
gōnĭ́ā 		γωνῐ́ᾱ
gōnĭ́ā 		γωνῐ́αι
gōnĭ́ai
Notes:
  • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

  • ἄγωνος (ágōnos)
  • ἀντιγώνιος (antigṓnios)
  • ἀπειρόγωνος (apeirógōnos)
  • γώνιος (gṓnios)
  • διαγώνιος (diagṓnios)
  • ἐγγώνιος (engṓnios)
  • εἰκοσάγωνος (eikoságōnos)
  • ἑκκαιδεκάγωνος (hekkaidekágōnos)
  • ἑνδεκάγωνος (hendekágōnos)
  • ἐννεάγωνος (enneágōnos)
  • ἑξάγωνος (hexágōnos)
  • ἐπιγώνιος (epigṓnios)
  • ἑπτάγωνος (heptágōnos)
  • εὐγώνιος (eugṓnios)
  • ἡμιτετράγωνος (hēmitetrágōnos)
  • ἡμιτρίγωνος (hēmitrígōnos)
  • ἰσοτετράγωνος (isotetrágōnos)
  • κοιλογώνιος (koilogṓnios)
  • ὀκτάγωνος (oktágōnos)
  • ὀξυγώνιος (oxugṓnios)
  • ὁσάγωνος (hoságōnos)
  • παραγώνιος (paragṓnios)
  • πεντάγωνος (pentágōnos)
  • πολύγωνος (polúgōnos)
  • τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάγωνος (tessareskaidekágōnos)
  • τετράγωνος (tetrágōnos)
  • τρεισκαιδεκάγωνος (treiskaidekágōnos)
  • τρίγωνος (trígōnos)
  • φιλογώνιος (philogṓnios)
  • χιλιάγωνος (khiliágōnos)

Descendants

  • Greek: γωνία (gonía)
  • → Persian: گونیا (guniyâ) (or via Syriac)
    • → Ottoman Turkish: گونیه (günye, gönye)
      • Turkish: gönye
      • → Azerbaijani: günya
      • → Romanian: ghiunie
      • → Serbo-Croatian:
        Cyrillic script: ђу̀нија
        Latin script: đùnija
  • → Classical Syriac: ܓܘܢܝܐ (gōnyā)

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “γωνία”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 294

Further reading

Greek

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek γωνία (gōnía).

Noun

γωνία • (gonía) f (plural γωνίες)

  1. (geometry) angle
  2. corner
  3. viewpoint

Declension

Declension of γωνία
singular plural
nominative γωνία (gonía) γωνίες (goníes)
genitive γωνίας (gonías) γωνιών (gonión)
accusative γωνία (gonía) γωνίες (goníes)
vocative γωνία (gonía) γωνίες (goníes)

Coordinate terms

Angle descriptors

Descendants

Further reading

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