δυνατός
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- δύνατος (dúnatos) — Aeolic
Etymology
From δύναμαι (dúnamai, “to be able”) + -τός (-tós, verbal adjective suffix).[1]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /dy.na.tós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /dy.naˈtos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ðy.naˈtos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ðy.naˈtos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ði.naˈtos/
Adjective
δῠνᾰτός • (dŭnătós) m (feminine δῠνᾰτή, neuter δῠνᾰτόν); first/second declension
- strong, mighty
- 484 BCE – 425 BCE, Herodotus, 9 31:
- ὅ τι μὲν ἦν αὐτῶν δυνατώτατον πᾶν ἀπολέξας ἔστησε ἀντίον Λακεδαιμονίων
- hó ti mèn ên autôn dunatṓtaton pân apoléxas éstēse antíon Lakedaimoníōn
- 1920 translation by A. D. Godley
- In his arraying of them he chose out the strongest part of the Persians to set it over against the Lacedaemonians
- ὅ τι μὲν ἦν αὐτῶν δυνατώτατον πᾶν ἀπολέξας ἔστησε ἀντίον Λακεδαιμονίων
- 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, On the Refusal of a Pension 12:
- ὅτι δ᾽ ἐπὶ τοὺς ᾐτημένους ἵππους ἀναβαίνω, πειρᾶσθαι πείθειν ὑμᾶς ὡς δυνατός εἰμι
- hóti d’ epì toùs ēitēménous híppous anabaínō, peirâsthai peíthein humâs hōs dunatós eimi
- 1930 translation by W.R.M. Lamb
- because I mount borrowed horses, he should try to persuade you that I am.
- ὅτι δ᾽ ἐπὶ τοὺς ᾐτημένους ἵππους ἀναβαίνω, πειρᾶσθαι πείθειν ὑμᾶς ὡς δυνατός εἰμι
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Oeconomicus 7.23:
- τῇ δὲ γυναικὶ ἧττον τὸ σῶμα δυνατὸν πρὸς ταῦτα φύσας τὰ ἔνδον ἔργα αὐτῇ, φάναι ἔφη, προστάξαι μοι δοκεῖ ὁ θεός.
- tēî dè gunaikì hêtton tò sôma dunatòn pròs taûta phúsas tà éndon érga autēî, phánai éphē, prostáxai moi dokeî ho theós.
- 1923 translation by E. C. Marchant
- To the woman, since he has made her body less capable of such endurance, I take it that God has assigned the indoor tasks.
- τῇ δὲ γυναικὶ ἧττον τὸ σῶμα δυνατὸν πρὸς ταῦτα φύσας τὰ ἔνδον ἔργα αὐτῇ, φάναι ἔφη, προστάξαι μοι δοκεῖ ὁ θεός.
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 2.1.19:
- ἢ ἵνα δυνατοὶ γενόμενοι καὶ τοῖς σώμασι καὶ ταῖς ψυχαῖς καὶ τὸν ἑαυτῶν οἶκον καλῶς οἰκῶσι καὶ τοὺς φίλους εὖ ποιῶσι καὶ τὴν πατρίδα εὐεργετῶσι
- ḕ hína dunatoì genómenoi kaì toîs sṓmasi kaì taîs psukhaîs kaì tòn heautôn oîkon kalôs oikôsi kaì toùs phílous eû poiôsi kaì tḕn patrída euergetôsi
- 1921 translation by E. C. Marchant
- or to make themselves capable in body and soul of managing their own homes well, of helping their friends and serving their country?
- ἢ ἵνα δυνατοὶ γενόμενοι καὶ τοῖς σώμασι καὶ ταῖς ψυχαῖς καὶ τὸν ἑαυτῶν οἶκον καλῶς οἰκῶσι καὶ τοὺς φίλους εὖ ποιῶσι καὶ τὴν πατρίδα εὐεργετῶσι
- 400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Hippias Minor 366:
- τοὺς ψευδεῖς φῂς εἶναι δυνατοὺς καὶ φρονίμους καὶ ἐπιστήμονας καὶ σοφοὺς εἰς ἅπερ ψευδεῖς.
- toùs pseudeîs phēìs eînai dunatoùs kaì phronímous kaì epistḗmonas kaì sophoùs eis háper pseudeîs.
- 1925 translation
- the false are among the powerful and the wise, according to your statement.
- τοὺς ψευδεῖς φῂς εἶναι δυνατοὺς καὶ φρονίμους καὶ ἐπιστήμονας καὶ σοφοὺς εἰς ἅπερ ψευδεῖς.
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, 7 60:
- ὅσαι ἦσαν καὶ δυναταὶ καὶ ἀπλοώτεραι, πάντα τινὰ ἐσβιβάζοντες πληρῶσαι, καὶ διαναυμαχήσαντες, ἢν μὲν νικῶσιν, ἐς Κατάνην κομίζεσθαι.
- hósai êsan kaì dunataì kaì aploṓterai, pánta tinà esbibázontes plērôsai, kaì dianaumakhḗsantes, ḕn mèn nikôsin, es Katánēn komízesthai.
- 1881 translation by Benjamin Jowett
- whether fit for service or not; they would then fight a decisive battle, and, if they conquered, go to Catana.
- ὅσαι ἦσαν καὶ δυναταὶ καὶ ἀπλοώτεραι, πάντα τινὰ ἐσβιβάζοντες πληρῶσαι, καὶ διαναυμαχήσαντες, ἢν μὲν νικῶσιν, ἐς Κατάνην κομίζεσθαι.
- 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 351:
- ἐλέχθη γάρ που ὅτι καὶ δυνατώτερον καὶ ἰσχυρότερον εἴη ἀδικία δικαιοσύνης.
- elékhthē gár pou hóti kaì dunatṓteron kaì iskhuróteron eíē adikía dikaiosúnēs.
- 1969 translation
- For the statement made, I believe, was that injustice is a more potent and stronger thing than justice.
- ἐλέχθη γάρ που ὅτι καὶ δυνατώτερον καὶ ἰσχυρότερον εἴη ἀδικία δικαιοσύνης.
- 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, 10 31.8:
- ἐπὶ δὲ τοῖς χείλεσιν ἑκάστης ἐπέκειτο χαρακώματα διπλᾶ καὶ τελευταῖον προτείχισμα δυνατόν.
- epì dè toîs kheílesin hekástēs epékeito kharakṓmata diplâ kaì teleutaîon proteíkhisma dunatón.
- 1922 translation by William Roger Paton
- Each defended at its edge by a double row of palisades, and behind all there was strong wall.
- ἐπὶ δὲ τοῖς χείλεσιν ἑκάστης ἐπέκειτο χαρακώματα διπλᾶ καὶ τελευταῖον προτείχισμα δυνατόν.
- (with infinitive) able to do
- (of outward power) powerful, influential
- able to produce
- Geoponica 2.21.5
- (passive voice, of things) possible, practical
- (adverbial) strongly, powerfully
- (in phrases, such as, κατὰ τὸ δυνατόν, ὅσον δυνατόν) as much as is possible
Declension
| Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
| Nominative | δῠνᾰτός dŭnătós |
δῠνᾰτή dŭnătḗ |
δῠνᾰτόν dŭnătón |
δῠνᾰτώ dŭnătṓ |
δῠνᾰτᾱ́ dŭnătā́ |
δῠνᾰτώ dŭnătṓ |
δῠνᾰτοί dŭnătoí |
δῠνᾰταί dŭnătaí |
δῠνᾰτᾰ́ dŭnătắ | |||||
| Genitive | δῠνᾰτοῦ dŭnătoû |
δῠνᾰτῆς dŭnătês |
δῠνᾰτοῦ dŭnătoû |
δῠνᾰτοῖν dŭnătoîn |
δῠνᾰταῖν dŭnătaîn |
δῠνᾰτοῖν dŭnătoîn |
δῠνᾰτῶν dŭnătôn |
δῠνᾰτῶν dŭnătôn |
δῠνᾰτῶν dŭnătôn | |||||
| Dative | δῠνᾰτῷ dŭnătōî |
δῠνᾰτῇ dŭnătēî |
δῠνᾰτῷ dŭnătōî |
δῠνᾰτοῖν dŭnătoîn |
δῠνᾰταῖν dŭnătaîn |
δῠνᾰτοῖν dŭnătoîn |
δῠνᾰτοῖς dŭnătoîs |
δῠνᾰταῖς dŭnătaîs |
δῠνᾰτοῖς dŭnătoîs | |||||
| Accusative | δῠνᾰτόν dŭnătón |
δῠνᾰτήν dŭnătḗn |
δῠνᾰτόν dŭnătón |
δῠνᾰτώ dŭnătṓ |
δῠνᾰτᾱ́ dŭnătā́ |
δῠνᾰτώ dŭnătṓ |
δῠνᾰτούς dŭnătoús |
δῠνᾰτᾱ́ς dŭnătā́s |
δῠνᾰτᾰ́ dŭnătắ | |||||
| Vocative | δῠνᾰτέ dŭnăté |
δῠνᾰτή dŭnătḗ |
δῠνᾰτόν dŭnătón |
δῠνᾰτώ dŭnătṓ |
δῠνᾰτᾱ́ dŭnătā́ |
δῠνᾰτώ dŭnătṓ |
δῠνᾰτοί dŭnătoí |
δῠνᾰταί dŭnătaí |
δῠνᾰτᾰ́ dŭnătắ | |||||
| Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
| δῠνᾰτῶς dŭnătôs |
δῠνᾰτώτερος dŭnătṓteros |
δῠνᾰτώτᾰτος dŭnătṓtătos | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| |||||||||||||
Derived terms
- ἀδύνατος (adúnatos)
Descendants
- Greek: δυνατός (dynatós)
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “δύναμαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 358
Further reading
- “δυνατός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “δυνατός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- δυνατός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- δυνατός in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
- “δυνατός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G1415 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- able idem, page 2.
- capable idem, page 111.
- competent idem, page 151.
- effective idem, page 262.
- feasible idem, page 312.
- grandee idem, page 369.
- great idem, page 372.
- influential idem, page 439.
- mighty idem, page 528.
- noble idem, page 559.
- possible idem, page 628.
- potent idem, page 629.
- powerful idem, page 630.
- practicable idem, page 631.
- strong idem, page 827.
Greek
Etymology
From Ancient Greek δυνατός (dunatós).
Adjective
δυνατός • (dynatós) m (feminine δυνατή, neuter δυνατό)
Declension
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
| nominative | δυνατός (dynatós) | δυνατή (dynatí) | δυνατό (dynató) | δυνατοί (dynatoí) | δυνατές (dynatés) | δυνατά (dynatá) | |
| genitive | δυνατού (dynatoú) | δυνατής (dynatís) | δυνατού (dynatoú) | δυνατών (dynatón) | δυνατών (dynatón) | δυνατών (dynatón) | |
| accusative | δυνατό (dynató) | δυνατή (dynatí) | δυνατό (dynató) | δυνατούς (dynatoús) | δυνατές (dynatés) | δυνατά (dynatá) | |
| vocative | δυνατέ (dynaté) | δυνατή (dynatí) | δυνατό (dynató) | δυνατοί (dynatoí) | δυνατές (dynatés) | δυνατά (dynatá) | |
Derivations:
Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο δυνατός, etc.)
Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο δυνατός, etc.)
Derivations: relative superlative: ο + comparative forms (eg "ο δυνατότερος", etc)
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Synonyms
- (powerful, influential): ισχυρός (ischyrós)
Related terms
- βάζω τα δυνατά μου (vázo ta dynatá mou, “do my best”)