εὐθύς

See also: ευθύς

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

ῑ̓θῠ́ς (īthŭ́s) — Ionic, Epic

Etymology

Andreas Willi derives it from Proto-Indo-European *Hyewdʰ-dh-ú-s, from the root *Hyewdʰ- (“become straight”, in most other formations > "targeted motion, assault"); he explains ῑ̓θύς (īthús) by dissimilation (>*eithús) and metaphony (> īthús).^[1] Possibly connected to εἶθᾰρ (eîthăr, “at once, immediately”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /eu̯.tʰýs/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /eʍˈtʰys/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /eɸˈθys/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /efˈθys/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /efˈθis/

Adjective

εὐθῠ́ς • (euthŭ́s) m (feminine εὐθεῖᾰ, neuter εὐθῠ́); first/third declension

straight, direct
1. (in a moral sense) straightforward, open, frank

Inflection

First and third declension of εὐθῠ́ς; εὐθεῖᾰ; εὐθῠ́ (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	εὐθῠ́ς euthŭ́s	εὐθεῖᾰ eutheîă	εὐθῠ́ euthŭ́	εὐθέε euthée	εὐθείᾱ eutheíā	εὐθέε euthée	εὐθεῖς eutheîs	εὐθεῖαι eutheîai	εὐθέᾰ euthéă
Genitive	εὐθέος euthéos	εὐθείᾱς eutheíās	εὐθέος euthéos	εὐθέοιν euthéoin	εὐθείαιν eutheíain	εὐθέοιν euthéoin	εὐθέων euthéōn	εὐθειῶν eutheiôn	εὐθέων euthéōn
Dative	εὐθεῖ eutheî	εὐθείᾳ eutheíāi	εὐθεῖ eutheî	εὐθέοιν euthéoin	εὐθείαιν eutheíain	εὐθέοιν euthéoin	εὐθέσῐ / εὐθέσῐν euthésĭ(n)	εὐθείαις eutheíais	εὐθέσῐ / εὐθέσῐν euthésĭ(n)
Accusative	εὐθῠ́ν euthŭ́n	εὐθεῖᾰν eutheîăn	εὐθῠ́ euthŭ́	εὐθέε euthée	εὐθείᾱ eutheíā	εὐθέε euthée	εὐθεῖς eutheîs	εὐθείᾱς eutheíās	εὐθέᾰ euthéă
Vocative	εὐθῠ́ euthŭ́	εὐθεῖᾰ eutheîă	εὐθῠ́ euthŭ́	εὐθέε euthée	εὐθείᾱ eutheíā	εὐθέε euthée	εὐθεῖς eutheîs	εὐθεῖαι eutheîai	εὐθέᾰ euthéă
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	εὐθέως euthéōs			εὐθῠ́τερος euthŭ́teros			εὐθῠ́τᾰτος euthŭ́tătos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

Εὐθυκλῆς (Euthuklês)
εὐθύτης (euthútēs)

Descendants

Greek: ευθύς (efthýs)

Adverb

εὐθῠ́ς • (euthŭ́s)

(of place) straight
1. simply
2. in the face of
(of time) straightaway, forthwith, at once
1. (of manner) directly, simply

Usage notes

In adverbial usage, typically the masculine form (εὐθῠ́ς (euthŭ́s)) is used for time, while the neuter (εὐθῠ́ (euthŭ́)) is used for place.

References

^ Willi, Andreas. 2001. Lateinisch iubēre, griechisch εὐϑύς und ein indogermanisches Rechtskonzept. In Historische Sprachforschung / Historical Linguistics, 114. Bd., 1. H.

“εὐθύς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“εὐθύς”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“εὐθύς”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
εὐθύς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
“εὐθύς”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G2117 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- anon idem, page 31.
- at idem, page 48.
- direct idem, page 226.
- directly idem, page 226.
- downright idem, page 249.
- glance idem, page 361.
- immediately idem, page 417.
- instantly idem, page 446.
- minute idem, page 532.
- moment idem, page 538.
- promptly idem, page 653.
- right idem, page 714.
- straight idem, page 822.
- straightforward idem, page 822.
- straightway idem, page 822.
- to idem, page 878.
- towards idem, page 884.
Willi, Andreas (2001) “Lateinisch iubēre, griechisch εὐϑύς und ein indogermanisches Rechtskonzept”, in Historische Sprachforschung‎^[2] (in German), volume 114, number 1. H., pages 117–146

[1] Willi, Andreas. 2001. Lateinisch iubēre, griechisch εὐϑύς und ein indogermanisches Rechtskonzept. In Historische Sprachforschung / Historical Linguistics, 114. Bd., 1. H.

[1]