θαρραλέος
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
Etymology
From θάρρος (thárrhos, “courage”) + -αλέος (-aléos)[1] (Late Attic). Also θαρσαλέος (tharsaléos) from θάρσος (thársos) (Ionic and Ancient Attic).[2]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /tʰar̥.r̥a.lé.os/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /tʰar.raˈle.os/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /θar.raˈle.os/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /θar.raˈle.os/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /θa.raˈle.os/
Adjective
θᾰρρᾰλέος • (thărrhăléos) m (feminine θᾰρρᾰλέᾱ, neuter θᾰρρᾰλέον); first/second declension
- daring, courageous
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Rhetoric 2.5.16:
- φανερὸν ἐκ τούτων καὶ τὸ θαρρεῖν τί ἐστι, καὶ περὶ ποῖα θαρραλέοι εἰσὶ καὶ πῶς διακείμενοι θαρραλέοι εἰσίν: τό τε γὰρ θάρσος τὸ ἐναντίον τῷ φόβῳ, καὶ τὸ θαρραλέον τῷ φοβερῷ
- phaneròn ek toútōn kaì tò tharrheîn tí esti, kaì perì poîa tharrhaléoi eisì kaì pôs diakeímenoi tharrhaléoi eisín: tó te gàr thársos tò enantíon tōî phóbōi, kaì tò tharrhaléon tōî phoberōî
- so, from these, it is also clear what courage is, and about which things they are courageous, and what the psychology of the courageous is; for courage is opposite of fear and that which causes courage is opposite of that which causes fear
- φανερὸν ἐκ τούτων καὶ τὸ θαρρεῖν τί ἐστι, καὶ περὶ ποῖα θαρραλέοι εἰσὶ καὶ πῶς διακείμενοι θαρραλέοι εἰσίν: τό τε γὰρ θάρσος τὸ ἐναντίον τῷ φόβῳ, καὶ τὸ θαρραλέον τῷ φοβερῷ
- (negative) overbold, audacious
Inflection
| Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
| Nominative | θᾰρρᾰλέος thărrhăléos |
θᾰρρᾰλέᾱ thărrhăléā |
θᾰρρᾰλέον thărrhăléon |
θᾰρρᾰλέω thărrhăléō |
θᾰρρᾰλέᾱ thărrhăléā |
θᾰρρᾰλέω thărrhăléō |
θᾰρρᾰλέοι thărrhăléoi |
θᾰρρᾰλέαι thărrhăléai |
θᾰρρᾰλέᾰ thărrhăléă | |||||
| Genitive | θᾰρρᾰλέου thărrhăléou |
θᾰρρᾰλέᾱς thărrhăléās |
θᾰρρᾰλέου thărrhăléou |
θᾰρρᾰλέοιν thărrhăléoin |
θᾰρρᾰλέαιν thărrhăléain |
θᾰρρᾰλέοιν thărrhăléoin |
θᾰρρᾰλέων thărrhăléōn |
θᾰρρᾰλέων thărrhăléōn |
θᾰρρᾰλέων thărrhăléōn | |||||
| Dative | θᾰρρᾰλέῳ thărrhăléōi |
θᾰρρᾰλέᾳ thărrhăléāi |
θᾰρρᾰλέῳ thărrhăléōi |
θᾰρρᾰλέοιν thărrhăléoin |
θᾰρρᾰλέαιν thărrhăléain |
θᾰρρᾰλέοιν thărrhăléoin |
θᾰρρᾰλέοις thărrhăléois |
θᾰρρᾰλέαις thărrhăléais |
θᾰρρᾰλέοις thărrhăléois | |||||
| Accusative | θᾰρρᾰλέον thărrhăléon |
θᾰρρᾰλέᾱν thărrhăléān |
θᾰρρᾰλέον thărrhăléon |
θᾰρρᾰλέω thărrhăléō |
θᾰρρᾰλέᾱ thărrhăléā |
θᾰρρᾰλέω thărrhăléō |
θᾰρρᾰλέους thărrhăléous |
θᾰρρᾰλέᾱς thărrhăléās |
θᾰρρᾰλέᾰ thărrhăléă | |||||
| Vocative | θᾰρρᾰλέε thărrhălée |
θᾰρρᾰλέᾱ thărrhăléā |
θᾰρρᾰλέον thărrhăléon |
θᾰρρᾰλέω thărrhăléō |
θᾰρρᾰλέᾱ thărrhăléā |
θᾰρρᾰλέω thărrhăléō |
θᾰρρᾰλέοι thărrhăléoi |
θᾰρρᾰλέαι thărrhăléai |
θᾰρρᾰλέᾰ thărrhăléă | |||||
| Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
| θᾰρρᾰλέως thărrhăléōs |
θᾰρρᾰλεώτερος thărrhăleṓteros |
θᾰρρᾰλεώτᾰτος thărrhăleṓtătos | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| |||||||||||||
Synonyms
- θαρσαλέος (tharsaléos) (alternative)
- θάρσυνος (thársunos)
- θαρσύς (tharsús), θρασύς (thrasús)
- ἀνδρεῖος (andreîos)
Antonyms
- δειλός (deilós)
Derived terms
- (adverb): θᾰρραλέως (thărrhaléōs), θᾰρσαλέως (thărsaléōs)
- θαρραλέον (tharrhaléon)
Related terms
Descendants
- Greek: θαρραλέος (tharraléos)
References
- ^ Lucien van Beek (22 October 2022) Reflexes of *r̥ and *l̥ in ‘Caland’ Formations[1], Brill, →ISBN, pages 142–188
- ^ Hofmann, J. B. (1949) “θάρσος”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Griechischen[2] (in German), Munich: R. Oldenbourg
Further reading
- “θαρραλέος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- Dimitrakos, Dimitrios B. (21964) Μέγα λεξικόν ὅλης τῆς Ἑλληνικῆς γλώσσης [Great Dictionary of the entire Greek Language] (in Greek), Athens: Hellenic Paideia 2nd edition in 15 vols. [1st edition 1930-1950 in 9 volumes] (abbreviations - of authors)
Greek
Etymology
From Ancient Greek θαρραλέος (tharrhaléos).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /θa.raˈle.os/
- Hyphenation: θαρ‧ρα‧λέ‧ος
- Rhymes: -eos
Adjective
θαρραλέος • (tharraléos) m (feminine θαρραλέα, neuter θαρραλέο)
- courageous, brave
- μία θαρραλέα πράξη ― mía tharraléa práxi ― a courageous deed
- ένας θαρραλέος πολεμιστής ― énas tharraléos polemistís ― a brave warrior
Declension
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
| nominative | θαρραλέος (tharraléos) | θαρραλέα (tharraléa) | θαρραλέο (tharraléo) | θαρραλέοι (tharraléoi) | θαρραλέες (tharralées) | θαρραλέα (tharraléa) | |
| genitive | θαρραλέου (tharraléou) | θαρραλέας (tharraléas) | θαρραλέου (tharraléou) | θαρραλέων (tharraléon) | θαρραλέων (tharraléon) | θαρραλέων (tharraléon) | |
| accusative | θαρραλέο (tharraléo) | θαρραλέα (tharraléa) | θαρραλέο (tharraléo) | θαρραλέους (tharraléous) | θαρραλέες (tharralées) | θαρραλέα (tharraléa) | |
| vocative | θαρραλέε (tharralée) | θαρραλέα (tharraléa) | θαρραλέο (tharraléo) | θαρραλέοι (tharraléoi) | θαρραλέες (tharralées) | θαρραλέα (tharraléa) | |
Derivations:
Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο θαρραλέος, etc.)
Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο θαρραλέος, etc.)
Synonyms
Antonyms
- δειλός (deilós, “coward”)
Derived terms
- θαρραλέα (tharraléa, adverb)
Related terms
- θαρρετός (tharretós)
References
- θαρραλέος, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language