θερμός
See also: θέρμος
Ancient Greek
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /tʰer.mós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /tʰerˈmos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /θerˈmos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /θerˈmos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /θerˈmos/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Hellenic *kʷʰermós, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer-mo-s (“warm”).[1]
Cognates include Albanian zjarr, Persian گرم (garm), Sanskrit घर्म (gharma), Old Armenian ջերմ (ǰerm), Latin formus, and Old English wearm (English warm).
Adjective
θερμός • (thermós) m (feminine θερμή, neuter θερμόν); first/second declension
Declension
| Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
| Nominative | θερμός thermós |
θερμή thermḗ |
θερμόν thermón |
θερμώ thermṓ |
θερμᾱ́ thermā́ |
θερμώ thermṓ |
θερμοί thermoí |
θερμαί thermaí |
θερμᾰ́ thermắ | |||||
| Genitive | θερμοῦ thermoû |
θερμῆς thermês |
θερμοῦ thermoû |
θερμοῖν thermoîn |
θερμαῖν thermaîn |
θερμοῖν thermoîn |
θερμῶν thermôn |
θερμῶν thermôn |
θερμῶν thermôn | |||||
| Dative | θερμῷ thermōî |
θερμῇ thermēî |
θερμῷ thermōî |
θερμοῖν thermoîn |
θερμαῖν thermaîn |
θερμοῖν thermoîn |
θερμοῖς thermoîs |
θερμαῖς thermaîs |
θερμοῖς thermoîs | |||||
| Accusative | θερμόν thermón |
θερμήν thermḗn |
θερμόν thermón |
θερμώ thermṓ |
θερμᾱ́ thermā́ |
θερμώ thermṓ |
θερμούς thermoús |
θερμᾱ́ς thermā́s |
θερμᾰ́ thermắ | |||||
| Vocative | θερμέ thermé |
θερμή thermḗ |
θερμόν thermón |
θερμώ thermṓ |
θερμᾱ́ thermā́ |
θερμώ thermṓ |
θερμοί thermoí |
θερμαί thermaí |
θερμᾰ́ thermắ | |||||
| Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
| θερμῶς thermôs |
θερμότερος thermóteros |
θερμότᾰτος thermótătos | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
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Second declension of θερμός; θερμόν (poetic)
| Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Gender | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | ||||||||
| Nominative | θερμός thermós |
θερμόν thermón |
θερμώ thermṓ |
θερμώ thermṓ |
θερμοί thermoí |
θερμᾰ́ thermắ | ||||||||
| Genitive | θερμοῦ thermoû |
θερμοῦ thermoû |
θερμοῖν thermoîn |
θερμοῖν thermoîn |
θερμῶν thermôn |
θερμῶν thermôn | ||||||||
| Dative | θερμῷ thermōî |
θερμῷ thermōî |
θερμοῖν thermoîn |
θερμοῖν thermoîn |
θερμοῖς thermoîs |
θερμοῖς thermoîs | ||||||||
| Accusative | θερμόν thermón |
θερμόν thermón |
θερμώ thermṓ |
θερμώ thermṓ |
θερμούς thermoús |
θερμᾰ́ thermắ | ||||||||
| Vocative | θερμέ thermé |
θερμόν thermón |
θερμώ thermṓ |
θερμώ thermṓ |
θερμοί thermoí |
θερμᾰ́ thermắ | ||||||||
| Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
| θερμῶς thermôs |
θερμότερος thermóteros |
θερμότᾰτος thermótătos | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| |||||||||||||
Derived terms
- θερμο- (thermo-) or θερμό- (thermó-)
- -θερμος (-thermos)
- Θερμοπύλαι (Thermopúlai)
- θερμοφῠ́λᾰξ (thermophŭ́lăx)
- ὀλῐγόθερμος (olĭgóthermos)
Related terms
- θέρμη (thérmē)
Descendants
- Greek: θερμός (thermós)
Etymology 2
From Akkadian 𒋻𒄷 (TAR.MUŠ8 /tarmuš/), from Sumerian 𒋻𒄷 (TAR.MUŠ8 /tarmuš/). Cognate to Coptic ⲑⲁⲣⲙⲟⲩⲥ (tharmous), Aramaic תורמוסא / ܬܘܪܡܣܐ (tūrmūsā, “lupine”), Arabic تُرْمُس (turmus). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
An alternative theory by Stromberg (favored by Beekes) considers the word a nominalization of Etymology 1, with regular accent shift.[2]
Alternative forms
- θέρμος (thérmos) — more often
Noun
θερμός • (thermós) m (genitive θερμοῦ); second declension
- lupine, especially Lupinus albus
Declension
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ θερμός ho thermós |
τὼ θερμώ tṑ thermṓ |
οἱ θερμοί hoi thermoí | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ θερμοῦ toû thermoû |
τοῖν θερμοῖν toîn thermoîn |
τῶν θερμῶν tôn thermôn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ θερμῷ tōî thermōî |
τοῖν θερμοῖν toîn thermoîn |
τοῖς θερμοῖς toîs thermoîs | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸν θερμόν tòn thermón |
τὼ θερμώ tṑ thermṓ |
τοὺς θερμούς toùs thermoús | ||||||||||
| Vocative | θερμέ thermé |
θερμώ thermṓ |
θερμοί thermoí | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- θέρμινος (thérminos)
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “θερμός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 541-2
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “θέρμος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 541
Further reading
- “θερμός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “θερμός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “θερμός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- θερμός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- θερμός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “θερμός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- ardent idem, page 38.
- eager idem, page 258.
- ebullient idem, page 260.
- fervid idem, page 316.
- feverish idem, page 317.
- fiery idem, page 318.
- glowing idem, page 363.
- hasty idem, page 387.
- heated idem, page 393.
- hot idem, page 407.
- impetuous idem, page 421.
- parching idem, page 592.
- rash idem, page 672.
- reckless idem, page 679.
- scorching idem, page 740.
- snug idem, page 790.
- sultry idem, page 837.
- torrid idem, page 884.
- vehement idem, page 946.
- warm idem, page 964.
- withering idem, page 984.
- θερμός, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
Greek
Etymology
From Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /θeɾˈmos/
Adjective
θερμός • (thermós) m (feminine θερμή, neuter θερμό)
Declension
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
| nominative | θερμός (thermós) | θερμή (thermí) | θερμό (thermó) | θερμοί (thermoí) | θερμές (thermés) | θερμά (thermá) | |
| genitive | θερμού (thermoú) | θερμής (thermís) | θερμού (thermoú) | θερμών (thermón) | θερμών (thermón) | θερμών (thermón) | |
| accusative | θερμό (thermó) | θερμή (thermí) | θερμό (thermó) | θερμούς (thermoús) | θερμές (thermés) | θερμά (thermá) | |
| vocative | θερμέ (thermé) | θερμή (thermí) | θερμό (thermó) | θερμοί (thermoí) | θερμές (thermés) | θερμά (thermá) | |
Derivations:
Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο θερμός, etc.)
Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο θερμός, etc.)
Derivations: relative superlative: ο + comparative forms (eg "ο θερμότερος", etc)
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Synonyms
- ζεστός (zestós)
Coordinate terms
Derived terms
- ανεξίθερμος (anexíthermos, “heatproof”)
- θερμές πηγές pl f (thermés pigés, “hot springs”)
- θερμο- (thermo-)
- θερμό- (thermó-)
- -θερμος (-thermos)
Noun
θερμός • (thermós) n (indeclinable)
Further reading
- θερμός, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language