घर्म
Hindi
Etymology
Etymology tree
Borrowed from Sanskrit घ॒र्म (gharmá). Doublet of गर्म (garm), a borrowing from Persian.
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /ɡʱəɾm/, [ɡʱɐɾm]
Noun
घर्म • (gharm) m (Urdu spelling گھرم)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | घर्म gharm |
घर्म gharm |
| oblique | घर्म gharm |
घर्मों gharmõ |
| vocative | घर्म gharm |
घर्मो gharmo |
See also
- घर्मी (gharmī)
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ঘৰ্ম (Assamese script)
- ᬖᬃᬫ (Balinese script)
- ঘর্ম (Bengali script)
- 𑰑𑰨𑰿𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀖𑀭𑁆𑀫 (Brahmi script)
- ဃရ်္မ (Burmese script)
- ઘર્મ (Gujarati script)
- ਘਰ੍ਮ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌘𑌰𑍍𑌮 (Grantha script)
- ꦓꦂꦩ (Javanese script)
- 𑂐𑂩𑂹𑂧 (Kaithi script)
- ಘರ್ಮ (Kannada script)
- ឃម៌ (Khmer script)
- ຆຣ຺ມ (Lao script)
- ഘര്മ (Malayalam script)
- ᢚᠠᡵᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘑𑘨𑘿𑘦 (Modi script)
- ᠺᠾᠠᠷᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦱𑧈𑧠𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐑𑐬𑑂𑐩 (Newa script)
- ଘର୍ମ (Odia script)
- ꢕꢬ꣄ꢪ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆔𑆫𑇀𑆩 (Sharada script)
- 𑖑𑖨𑖿𑖦 (Siddham script)
- ඝර්ම (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩟𑩼 𑪙𑩴 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚍𑚤𑚶𑚢 (Takri script)
- க⁴ர்ம (Tamil script)
- ఘర్మ (Telugu script)
- ฆรฺม (Thai script)
- གྷ་རྨ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒒𑒩𑓂𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨎𑨫𑩇𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Etymology tree
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰarmás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- + *-mós.
Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀 (garəma, “hot; warmth”), Persian گرم (garm), Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós), Latin formus, furnus.
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɡʱɐɾ.mɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɡʱɐɾ.mɐ/
Noun
घ॒र्म • (gharmá) stem, m (root घृ)
- heat, warmth
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.180.4:
- यु॒वं ह॑ घ॒र्मं मधु॑मन्त॒मत्र॑ये॒ऽपो न क्षोदो॑ऽवृणीतमे॒षे ।
तद्वां॑ नरावश्विना॒ पश्व॑इष्टी॒ रथ्ये॑व च॒क्रा प्रति॑ यन्ति॒ मध्वः॑ ॥- yuváṃ ha gharmáṃ mádhumantamátrayeʼpó ná kṣódoʼvṛṇītameṣé.
tádvāṃ narāvaśvinā páśvaïṣṭī ráthyeva cakrā́ práti yanti mádhvaḥ. - Ye made the fierce heat to be full of sweetness for Atri at his wish, like streaming water.
Fire-offering thence is yours, O Aśvins, Heroes: your car-wheels speed to us like springs of honey.
- yuváṃ ha gharmáṃ mádhumantamátrayeʼpó ná kṣódoʼvṛṇītameṣé.
- यु॒वं ह॑ घ॒र्मं मधु॑मन्त॒मत्र॑ये॒ऽपो न क्षोदो॑ऽवृणीतमे॒षे ।
- hot weather
- sunshine
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | घर्मः (gharmáḥ) | घर्मौ (gharmaú) घर्मा¹ (gharmā́¹) |
घर्माः (gharmā́ḥ) घर्मासः¹ (gharmā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | घर्मम् (gharmám) | घर्मौ (gharmaú) घर्मा¹ (gharmā́¹) |
घर्मान् (gharmā́n) |
| instrumental | घर्मेण (gharméṇa) | घर्माभ्याम् (gharmā́bhyām) | घर्मैः (gharmaíḥ) घर्मेभिः¹ (gharmébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | घर्माय (gharmā́ya) | घर्माभ्याम् (gharmā́bhyām) | घर्मेभ्यः (gharmébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | घर्मात् (gharmā́t) | घर्माभ्याम् (gharmā́bhyām) | घर्मेभ्यः (gharmébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | घर्मस्य (gharmásya) | घर्मयोः (gharmáyoḥ) | घर्माणाम् (gharmā́ṇām) |
| locative | घर्मे (gharmé) | घर्मयोः (gharmáyoḥ) | घर्मेषु (gharméṣu) |
| vocative | घर्म (ghárma) | घर्मौ (ghármau) घर्मा¹ (ghármā¹) |
घर्माः (ghármāḥ) घर्मासः¹ (ghármāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Borrowed terms
- → Hindustani: (learned)
- → Gujarati: ઘર્મ (gharma) (learned)
Further reading
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “gharma”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.