θρόνος
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold”),[1][2] but this root presents a number of problems, such as the lack of the suffix *-onos in Proto-Indo-European, the lack of any words meaning "chair" from this root in any other Indo-European languages, and the lack of any definite Greek descendants from the root itself.[3] Comparisons to θρᾶνος (thrânos, “bench”) and θρῆνυς (thrênus, “footstool”) are also improbable, due to lack of evidence of their supposed shared root *dʰerh₂-. Due to the suffix -όνος usually being indicative of a Pre-Greek word (as in χρόνος (khrónos), Κρόνος (Krónos)), Beekes suggests that this could be the case for θρόνος (thrónos) as well.[4]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /tʰró.nos/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈtʰro.nos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈθro.nos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈθro.nos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈθro.nos/
Noun
θρόνος • (thrónos) m (genitive θρόνου); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Aeolic, Koine)
- seat
- throne
- 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Theocritus, Thalysia:
- τά που καὶ Ζηνὸς ἐπὶ θρόνον ἄγαγε φάμα
- tá pou kaì Zēnòs epì thrónon ágage pháma
- ...which Rumour may well have carried up to the throne of Zeus.
- τά που καὶ Ζηνὸς ἐπὶ θρόνον ἄγαγε φάμα
Declension
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ θρόνος ho thrónos |
τὼ θρόνω tṑ thrónō |
οἱ θρόνοι hoi thrónoi | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ θρόνου toû thrónou |
τοῖν θρόνοιν toîn thrónoin |
τῶν θρόνων tôn thrónōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ θρόνῳ tōî thrónōi |
τοῖν θρόνοιν toîn thrónoin |
τοῖς θρόνοις toîs thrónois | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸν θρόνον tòn thrónon |
τὼ θρόνω tṑ thrónō |
τοὺς θρόνους toùs thrónous | ||||||||||
| Vocative | θρόνε thróne |
θρόνω thrónō |
θρόνοι thrónoi | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- ἀργυρόθρονος (arguróthronos)
- εὔθρονος (eúthronos)
- ποικιλόθρονος (poikilóthronos)
- χρυσόθρονος (khrusóthronos)
Descendants
- Greek: θρόνος (thrónos)
- → Aramaic: תְּרוֹנוֹס (ṭronos)
- → Coptic: ⲑⲣⲟⲛⲟⲥ (thronos)
- → Latin: thronus (see there for further descendants)
- → Russian: трон m (tron)
References
- ^ “throne”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
- ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “throne”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “252f”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 252f
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “θρόνος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 558
Further reading
- “θρόνος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “θρόνος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “θρόνος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- θρόνος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- θρόνος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “θρόνος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G2362 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed., Clarendon Press, 1989
- θρόνος, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
Greek
Etymology
From Ancient Greek θρόνος (thrónos).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈθronos/
- Hyphenation: θρό‧νος
Noun
θρόνος • (thrónos) m (plural θρόνοι)
- throne
- Synonym: (literature) θρονί n (throní, “throne or any seat”)
- Coordinate term: καρέκλα f (karékla, “chair”)
- αυτοκρατορικός, πατριαρχικός, παπικός θρόνος ― aftokratorikós, patriarchikós, papikós thrónos ― imperial, patriarchic, papal throne
- monarchy, the royal office
- ο θρόνος της Αγγλίας ― o thrónos tis Anglías ― English monarchy (literally:throne).
- σφετεριστής του θρόνου ― sfeteristís tou thrónou ― usurperer of the throne
- ανάρρηση στο θρόνο ― anárrisi sto thróno ― the proclamation to the throne
- χηρεύει ο θρόνος ― chirévei o thrónos ― the throne is vacant (literally: widowed)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | θρόνος (thrónos) | θρόνοι (thrónoi) |
| genitive | θρόνου (thrónou) | θρόνων (thrónon) |
| accusative | θρόνο (thróno) | θρόνους (thrónous) |
| vocative | θρόνε (thróne) | θρόνοι (thrónoi) |
Related terms
- εκθρονίζω (ekthronízo, “dethrone”)
- εκθρόνιση f (ekthrónisi, “dethronement”)
- εκθρονισμός m (ekthronismós, “dethronement”)
- ενθρονίζω (enthronízo, “enthrone”)
- ενθρόνιση f (enthrónisi, “enthronement”)
- ενθρονισμός m (enthronismós, “enthronement”)
- θρονί n (throní, “throne or any seat”) (literature)
- θρονιάζω (throniázo, “sit and not intending to give up the seat”) (negative sense)
- θρόνιασμα n (thróniasma, “the without giving up my seat”) (negative sense)
- πρωτόθρονος (protóthronos, “the leading episcopal throne”) (ecclesiastic)
- σύνθρονο n (sýnthrono, “series of seats in church, especially for priests”) (ecclesiastic)
See also
- πολυθρόνα f (polythróna, “armchair”) (associated by folk etymology)