κύκλος
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Hellenic *kúklos, *kʷókʷlos, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷékʷlos (“circle, wheel”).[1] Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀓𐀐𐀩𐀄 (ku-ke-re-u).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ký.klos/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈky.klos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈcy.klos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈcy.klos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈci.klos/
Noun
κῠ́κλος • (kŭ́klos) m (genitive κῠ́κλου); second declension
- circle, ring
- any circular object (examples: wheel, disc, plate)
- crowd (of people)
- marketplace
- circular movement
- sphere, globe
Declension
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ κῠ́κλος ho kŭ́klos |
τὼ κῠ́κλω tṑ kŭ́klō |
οἱ κῠ́κλοι hoi kŭ́kloi | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ κῠ́κλου toû kŭ́klou |
τοῖν κῠ́κλοιν toîn kŭ́kloin |
τῶν κῠ́κλων tôn kŭ́klōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ κῠ́κλῳ tōî kŭ́klōi |
τοῖν κῠ́κλοιν toîn kŭ́kloin |
τοῖς κῠ́κλοις toîs kŭ́klois | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸν κῠ́κλον tòn kŭ́klon |
τὼ κῠ́κλω tṑ kŭ́klō |
τοὺς κῠ́κλους toùs kŭ́klous | ||||||||||
| Vocative | κῠ́κλε kŭ́kle |
κῠ́κλω kŭ́klō |
κῠ́κλοι kŭ́kloi | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
There also exists an irregular plural
| Case / # | Plural | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | τᾰ̀ κῠ́κλᾰ tằ kŭ́klă | ||||||||||||
| Genitive | τῶν κῠ́κλων tôn kŭ́klōn | ||||||||||||
| Dative | τοῖς κῠ́κλοις toîs kŭ́klois | ||||||||||||
| Accusative | τᾰ̀ κῠ́κλᾰ tằ kŭ́klă | ||||||||||||
| Vocative | κῠ́κλᾰ kŭ́klă | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- ἡμικύκλιος (hēmikúklios)
- παράκυκλος (parákuklos)
- τετρᾰ́κῠκλος (tetrắkŭklos)
- ὑπόκυκλος (hupókuklos)
Descendants
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κύκλος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 798-9
Further reading
- “κύκλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “κύκλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “κύκλος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- κύκλος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- κύκλος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “κύκλος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G2945 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- arch idem, page 38.
- area idem, page 39.
- ball idem, page 60.
- bow idem, page 91.
- buckler idem, page 102.
- circle idem, page 132.
- circuit idem, page 132.
- circumference idem, page 132.
- compass idem, page 150.
- cycle idem, page 193.
- disc idem, page 228.
- disk idem, page 234.
- expanse idem, page 292.
- eye idem, page 299.
- globe idem, page 362.
- hoop idem, page 405.
- orb idem, page 578.
- period idem, page 607.
- precincts idem, page 634.
- radius idem, page 668.
- revolution idem, page 711.
- ring idem, page 716.
- round idem, page 722.
- shield idem, page 765.
- span idem, page 797.
- sphere idem, page 801.
- stretch idem, page 825.
- tract idem, page 885.
- vault idem, page 945.
Greek
Etymology
Inherited from Ancient Greek κύκλος (kúklos).
Noun
κύκλος • (kýklos) m (plural κύκλοι)
- (geometry) circle
- period, cycle
- series, cycle
- clique, coterie, circle, set (of people)
- (sports) circuit, course, track
- (education) course
- (business) turnover
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | κύκλος (kýklos) | κύκλοι (kýkloi) |
| genitive | κύκλου (kýklou) | κύκλων (kýklon) |
| accusative | κύκλο (kýklo) | κύκλους (kýklous) |
| vocative | κύκλε (kýkle) | κύκλοι (kýkloi) |
Coordinate terms
- see: δακτύλιος m (daktýlios, “circle, ring”) for a list of other "rings" and "circles"
Derived terms
- γιγάκυκλος (gigákyklos, “gigacycle”)
- ημικύκλιο n (imikýklio, “semicircle”)
- φαύλος κύκλος m (fávlos kýklos, “vicious circle”)