λαγχάνω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Uncertain. Perhaps from a root Proto-Indo-European *lengʰ- (“to obtain”), although—according to Beekes—no cognates are known.
Beekes suggests that the o-grade perfect λέλογχᾰ (lélonkhă) and the zero-grade aorist ἔλᾰχον (élăkhon) are from Proto-Indo-European, whereas the forms εἴληχᾰ (eílēkhă), εἰλήχειν (eilḗkhein), and λήξομαι (lḗxomai) were formed later according to the model of λήψομαι (lḗpsomai) and εἴληφᾰ (eílēphă)—both inflected forms of λᾰμβᾰ́νω (lămbắnō).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /laŋ.kʰá.nɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /laŋˈkʰa.no/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /laŋˈxa.no/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /laŋˈxa.no/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /laŋˈxa.no/
Verb
λᾰγχᾰ́νω • (lănkhắnō)
- (transitive or with genitive) to obtain (by lot), to receive
- (intransitive) to draw lots
- (with dative) to bring (a suit) against
Inflection
Present: λᾰγχᾰ́νω, λᾰγχᾰ́νομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | λᾰγχᾰ́νω | λᾰγχᾰ́νεις | λᾰγχᾰ́νει | λᾰγχᾰ́νετον | λᾰγχᾰ́νετον | λᾰγχᾰ́νομεν | λᾰγχᾰ́νετε | λᾰγχᾰ́νουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | λᾰγχᾰ́νω | λᾰγχᾰ́νῃς | λᾰγχᾰ́νῃ | λᾰγχᾰ́νητον | λᾰγχᾰ́νητον | λᾰγχᾰ́νωμεν | λᾰγχᾰ́νητε | λᾰγχᾰ́νωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | λᾰγχᾰ́νοιμῐ | λᾰγχᾰ́νοις | λᾰγχᾰ́νοι | λᾰγχᾰ́νοιτον | λᾰγχᾰνοίτην | λᾰγχᾰ́νοιμεν | λᾰγχᾰ́νοιτε | λᾰγχᾰ́νοιεν | |||||
| imperative | λᾰ́γχᾰνε | λᾰγχᾰνέτω | λᾰγχᾰ́νετον | λᾰγχᾰνέτων | λᾰγχᾰ́νετε | λᾰγχᾰνόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | λᾰγχᾰ́νομαι | λᾰγχᾰ́νῃ, λᾰγχᾰ́νει |
λᾰγχᾰ́νεται | λᾰγχᾰ́νεσθον | λᾰγχᾰ́νεσθον | λᾰγχᾰνόμεθᾰ | λᾰγχᾰ́νεσθε | λᾰγχᾰ́νονται | ||||
| subjunctive | λᾰγχᾰ́νωμαι | λᾰγχᾰ́νῃ | λᾰγχᾰ́νηται | λᾰγχᾰ́νησθον | λᾰγχᾰ́νησθον | λᾰγχᾰνώμεθᾰ | λᾰγχᾰ́νησθε | λᾰγχᾰ́νωνται | |||||
| optative | λᾰγχᾰνοίμην | λᾰγχᾰ́νοιο | λᾰγχᾰ́νοιτο | λᾰγχᾰ́νοισθον | λᾰγχᾰνοίσθην | λᾰγχᾰνοίμεθᾰ | λᾰγχᾰ́νοισθε | λᾰγχᾰ́νοιντο | |||||
| imperative | λᾰγχᾰ́νου | λᾰγχᾰνέσθω | λᾰγχᾰ́νεσθον | λᾰγχᾰνέσθων | λᾰγχᾰ́νεσθε | λᾰγχᾰνέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | λᾰγχᾰ́νειν | λᾰγχᾰ́νεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | λᾰγχᾰ́νων | λᾰγχᾰνόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | λᾰγχᾰ́νουσᾰ | λᾰγχᾰνομένη | |||||||||||
| n | λᾰγχᾰ́νον | λᾰγχᾰνόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ἐλᾰ́γχᾰνον, ἐλᾰγχᾰνόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐλᾰ́γχᾰνον | ἐλᾰ́γχᾰνες | ἐλᾰ́γχᾰνε(ν) | ἐλᾰγχᾰ́νετον | ἐλᾰγχᾰνέτην | ἐλᾰγχᾰ́νομεν | ἐλᾰγχᾰ́νετε | ἐλᾰ́γχᾰνον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐλᾰγχᾰνόμην | ἐλᾰγχᾰ́νου | ἐλᾰγχᾰ́νετο | ἐλᾰγχᾰ́νεσθον | ἐλᾰγχᾰνέσθην | ἐλᾰγχᾰνόμεθᾰ | ἐλᾰγχᾰ́νεσθε | ἐλᾰγχᾰ́νοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: λήξομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | λήξομαι | λήξῃ, λήξει |
λήξεται | λήξεσθον | λήξεσθον | ληξόμεθᾰ | λήξεσθε | λήξονται | ||||
| optative | ληξοίμην | λήξοιο | λήξοιτο | λήξοισθον | ληξοίσθην | ληξοίμεθᾰ | λήξοισθε | λήξοιντο | |||||
| middle | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | λήξεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ληξόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | ληξομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | ληξόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: λάξομαι (Ionic)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | λάξομαι | λάξεαι | λάξεται | λάξεσθον | λάξεσθον | λαξόμεθᾰ | λάξεσθε | λάξονται | ||||
| optative | λαξοίμην | λάξοιο | λάξοιτο | λάξοισθον | λαξοίσθην | λαξοίμεθᾰ | λάξοισθε | λάξοιντο | |||||
| middle | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | λάξεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | λαξόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | λαξομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | λαξόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἔλᾰχον, ἐλᾰχόμην, ἐλήχθην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔλᾰχον | ἔλᾰχες | ἔλᾰχε(ν) | ἐλᾰ́χετον | ἐλᾰχέτην | ἐλᾰ́χομεν | ἐλᾰ́χετε | ἔλᾰχον | ||||
| subjunctive | λᾰ́χω | λᾰ́χῃς | λᾰ́χῃ | λᾰ́χητον | λᾰ́χητον | λᾰ́χωμεν | λᾰ́χητε | λᾰ́χωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | λᾰ́χοιμῐ | λᾰ́χοις | λᾰ́χοι | λᾰ́χοιτον | λᾰχοίτην | λᾰ́χοιμεν | λᾰ́χοιτε | λᾰ́χοιεν | |||||
| imperative | λᾰ́χε | λᾰχέτω | λᾰ́χετον | λᾰχέτων | λᾰ́χετε | λᾰχόντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ἐλᾰχόμην | ἐλᾰ́χου | ἐλᾰ́χετο | ἐλᾰ́χεσθον | ἐλᾰχέσθην | ἐλᾰχόμεθᾰ | ἐλᾰ́χεσθε | ἐλᾰ́χοντο | ||||
| subjunctive | λᾰ́χωμαι | λᾰ́χῃ | λᾰ́χηται | λᾰ́χησθον | λᾰ́χησθον | λᾰχώμεθᾰ | λᾰ́χησθε | λᾰ́χωνται | |||||
| optative | λᾰχοίμην | λᾰ́χοιο | λᾰ́χοιτο | λᾰ́χοισθον | λᾰχοίσθην | λᾰχοίμεθᾰ | λᾰ́χοισθε | λᾰ́χοιντο | |||||
| imperative | λᾰχοῦ | λᾰχέσθω | λᾰ́χεσθον | λᾰχέσθων | λᾰ́χεσθε | λᾰχέσθων | |||||||
| passive | indicative | ἐλήχθην | ἐλήχθης | ἐλήχθη | ἐλήχθητον | ἐληχθήτην | ἐλήχθημεν | ἐλήχθητε | ἐλήχθησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | ληχθῶ | ληχθῇς | ληχθῇ | ληχθῆτον | ληχθῆτον | ληχθῶμεν | ληχθῆτε | ληχθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ληχθείην | ληχθείης | ληχθείη | ληχθεῖτον, ληχθείητον |
ληχθείτην, ληχθειήτην |
ληχθεῖμεν, ληχθείημεν |
ληχθεῖτε, ληχθείητε |
ληχθεῖεν, ληχθείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | λήχθητῐ | ληχθήτω | λήχθητον | ληχθήτων | λήχθητε | ληχθέντων | |||||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | λᾰχεῖν | λᾰχέσθαι | ληχθῆναι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | λᾰχών | λᾰχόμενος | ληχθείς | |||||||||
| f | λᾰχοῦσᾰ | λᾰχομένη | ληχθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
| n | λᾰχόν | λᾰχόμενον | ληχθέν | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Perfect: εἴληχᾰ, εἴληγμαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | εἴληχᾰ | εἴληχᾰς | εἴληχε(ν) | εἰλήχᾰτον | εἰλήχᾰτον | εἰλήχᾰμεν | εἰλήχᾰτε | εἰλήχᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | εἰλήχω | εἰλήχῃς | εἰλήχῃ | εἰλήχητον | εἰλήχητον | εἰλήχωμεν | εἰλήχητε | εἰλήχωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | εἰλήχοιμῐ, εἰληχοίην |
εἰλήχοις, εἰληχοίης |
εἰλήχοι, εἰληχοίη |
εἰλήχοιτον | εἰληχοίτην | εἰλήχοιμεν | εἰλήχοιτε | εἰλήχοιεν | |||||
| imperative | εἴληχε | εἰληχέτω | εἰλήχετον | εἰληχέτων | εἰλήχετε | εἰληχόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | εἴληγμαι | εἴληξαι | εἴληκται | εἴληχθον | εἴληχθον | εἰλήγμεθᾰ | εἴληχθε | εἰλήχᾰται | ||||
| subjunctive | εἰληγμένος ὦ | εἰληγμένος ᾖς | εἰληγμένος ᾖ | εἰληγμένω ἦτον | εἰληγμένω ἦτον | εἰληγμένοι ὦμεν | εἰληγμένοι ἦτε | εἰληγμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | εἰληγμένος εἴην | εἰληγμένος εἴης | εἰληγμένος εἴη | εἰληγμένω εἴητον/εἶτον | εἰληγμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | εἰληγμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | εἰληγμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | εἰληγμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
| imperative | εἴληξο | εἰλήχθω | εἴληχθον | εἰλήχθων | εἴληχθε | εἰλήχθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | εἰληχέναι | εἰλῆχθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | εἰληχώς | εἰληγμένος | ||||||||||
| f | εἰληχυῖᾰ | εἰληγμένη | |||||||||||
| n | εἰληχός | εἰληγμένον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | λέλογχᾰ | λέλογχᾰς | λέλογχε(ν) | λελόγχᾰτον | λελόγχᾰτον | λελόγχᾰμεν | λελόγχᾰτε | λελόγχᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | λελόγχω | λελόγχῃς | λελόγχῃ | λελόγχητον | λελόγχητον | λελόγχωμεν | λελόγχητε | λελόγχωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | λελόγχοιμῐ, λελογχοίην |
λελόγχοις, λελογχοίης |
λελόγχοι, λελογχοίη |
λελόγχοιτον | λελογχοίτην | λελόγχοιμεν | λελόγχοιτε | λελόγχοιεν | |||||
| imperative | λέλογχε | λελογχέτω | λελόγχετον | λελογχέτων | λελόγχετε | λελογχόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | λέλογμαι | λέλογξαι | λέλογκται | λέλογχθον | λέλογχθον | λελόγμεθᾰ | λέλογχθε | λελόγχᾰται | ||||
| subjunctive | λελογμένος ὦ | λελογμένος ᾖς | λελογμένος ᾖ | λελογμένω ἦτον | λελογμένω ἦτον | λελογμένοι ὦμεν | λελογμένοι ἦτε | λελογμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | λελογμένος εἴην | λελογμένος εἴης | λελογμένος εἴη | λελογμένω εἴητον/εἶτον | λελογμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | λελογμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | λελογμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | λελόγμενοι εἰησᾰ́ν/εἰεν | |||||
| imperative | λέλογξο | λελόγχθω | λέλογχθον | λελόγχθων | λέλογχθε | λελόγχθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | λελογχέναι | λελόγχθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | λελογχώς | λελογμένος | ||||||||||
| f | λελογχυῖᾰ | λελογμένη | |||||||||||
| n | λελογχός | λελογμένον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Pluperfect: εἰλήχειν, εἰλήγμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | εἰλήχειν, εἰλήχη |
εἰλήχεις, εἰλήχης |
εἰλήχει(ν) | εἰλήχετον | εἰληχέτην | εἰλήχεμεν | εἰλήχετε | εἰλήχεσᾰν | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | εἰλήγμην | εἴληξο | εἴληκτο | εἴληχθον | εἰλήχθην | εἰλήγμεθᾰ | εἴληχθε | εἰλήχᾰτο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Pluperfect: ἐλελόγχειν, ἐλελόγμην (Bucolic)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐλελόγχειν, ἐλελόγχη |
ἐλελόγχεις, ἐλελόγχης |
ἐλελόγχει(ν) | ἐλελόγχετον | ἐλελογχέτην | ἐλελόγχεμεν | ἐλελόγχετε | ἐλελόγχεσᾰν | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐλελόγμην | ἐλέλογξο | ἐλέλογκτο | ἐλέλογχθον | ἐλελόγχθην | ἐλελόγμεθᾰ | ἐλέλογχθε | ἐλελόγχᾰτο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Related terms
Derived terms
- μεταλαγχάνω (metalankhánō)
Descendants
- Greek: λαχαίνω (lachaíno)
References
- “λαγχάνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “λαγχάνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “λαγχάνω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- λαγχάνω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- λαγχάνω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “λαγχάνω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G2975 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 821