μαρμαίρω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Apparently a reduplicated intensive yod-present verb *μαρ-μαρ-ι̯ω (*mar-mar-i̯ō) from a root form *μᾰρ- (*măr-), of uncertain ultimate origin.
Traditionally derived from a Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to sparkle, glimmer, gleam”); an analysis by Tichy suggests an onomatopoeic origin for the Greek and similar words across Indo-European, which may or may not have been inherited. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “What comparanda does Tichy use? Beekes mentions Tichy but nothing more.”) Beekes thus prefers to take the word as Pre-Greek, particularly with the adducement of ᾰ̓μᾰρῠ́σσω (ămărŭ́ssō, “to sparkle, twinkle”), which has a prothetic vowel, as related.
The word has been compared to Sanskrit मरीचि (márīci, “particulate light; shining mote”), मुर्मुर (múrmura; múrmara (v.l.), “burning chaff; dying embers”), Latin merus (“pure”), and Proto-Germanic *mērijaz (“famous”). Beekes rejects the connection with मरीचि (márīci) (and doesn't give an opinion on the other comparisons), taking the view that *a didn't exist in Proto-Indo-European, and thus considering an inherited connection between Sanskrit मर् (mar) and Greek *μαρ- (*mar-) untenable. He does, however, consider a connection with μᾰρῑ́λη (mărī́lē, “coaldust”) and μᾰρῐεύς (mărĭeús, “stone that takes fire when water is poured on it”) likely.[1]
See also μάρμαρος (mármaros, “marble”), which may be related.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /mar.mǎi̯.rɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /marˈmɛ.ro/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /marˈmɛ.ro/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /marˈme.ro/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /marˈme.ro/
Verb
μᾰρμαίρω • (mărmaírō)
Inflection
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | μᾰρμαίρω | μᾰρμαίρεις | μᾰρμαίρει | μᾰρμαίρετον | μᾰρμαίρετον | μᾰρμαίρομεν | μᾰρμαίρετε | μᾰρμαίρουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | μᾰρμαίρω | μᾰρμαίρῃς | μᾰρμαίρῃ | μᾰρμαίρητον | μᾰρμαίρητον | μᾰρμαίρωμεν | μᾰρμαίρητε | μᾰρμαίρωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | μᾰρμαίροιμῐ | μᾰρμαίροις | μᾰρμαίροι | μᾰρμαίροιτον | μᾰρμαιροίτην | μᾰρμαίροιμεν | μᾰρμαίροιτε | μᾰρμαίροιεν | |||||
| imperative | μᾰ́ρμαιρε | μᾰρμαιρέτω | μᾰρμαίρετον | μᾰρμαιρέτων | μᾰρμαίρετε | μᾰρμαιρόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | μᾰρμαίρομαι | μᾰρμαίρῃ / μᾰρμαίρει | μᾰρμαίρεται | μᾰρμαίρεσθον | μᾰρμαίρεσθον | μᾰρμαιρόμεθᾰ | μᾰρμαίρεσθε | μᾰρμαίρονται | ||||
| subjunctive | μᾰρμαίρωμαι | μᾰρμαίρῃ | μᾰρμαίρηται | μᾰρμαίρησθον | μᾰρμαίρησθον | μᾰρμαιρώμεθᾰ | μᾰρμαίρησθε | μᾰρμαίρωνται | |||||
| optative | μᾰρμαιροίμην | μᾰρμαίροιο | μᾰρμαίροιτο | μᾰρμαίροισθον | μᾰρμαιροίσθην | μᾰρμαιροίμεθᾰ | μᾰρμαίροισθε | μᾰρμαίροιντο | |||||
| imperative | μᾰρμαίρου | μᾰρμαιρέσθω | μᾰρμαίρεσθον | μᾰρμαιρέσθων | μᾰρμαίρεσθε | μᾰρμαιρέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | μᾰρμαίρειν | μᾰρμαίρεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | μᾰρμαίρων | μᾰρμαιρόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | μᾰρμαίρουσᾰ | μᾰρμαιρομένη | |||||||||||
| n | μᾰρμαῖρον | μᾰρμαιρόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | μᾰρμαίρεσκον | μᾰρμαίρεσκες | μᾰρμαίρεσκε(ν) | μᾰρμαιρέσκετον | μᾰρμαιρεσκέτην | μᾰρμαιρέσκομεν | μᾰρμαιρέσκετε | μᾰρμαίρεσκον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | μᾰρμαιρεσκόμην | μᾰρμαιρέσκου | μᾰρμαιρέσκετο | μᾰρμαιρέσκεσθον | μᾰρμαιρεσκέσθην | μᾰρμαιρεσκόμεθᾰ | μᾰρμαιρέσκεσθε | μᾰρμαιρέσκοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Descendants
- Greek: μαρμαίρω (marmaíro)
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “μαρμαίρω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 906-7
Further reading
- “μαρμαίρω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “μαρμαίρω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “μαρμαίρω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- μαρμαίρω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- μαρμαίρω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- μαρμαίρω, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011