πρόβατον

Ancient Greek

FWOTD – 3 October 2018

From προβαίνω (probaínō, “to go on”) + -τος (-tos).

πρόβᾰτον • (próbăton) n (genitive προβᾰ́του); second declension

(mostly in plural)
1. (Ionic, Doric) cattle, flocks, herds
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.41
  - 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, On Joints 8
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.61
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 14.124
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 23.550
  - 7th–6th centuries BC, Homeric Hymn to Hermes 571
  - 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 558
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.203
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.133
2. (Attic, Koine) sheep
  Synonym: οἶς (oîs), ἀρήν (arḗn)
  - 414 BCE, Aristophanes, The Birds 714
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.14
3. slaughtered animals, animals for sacrifices
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.56
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.207
4. (proverbial) stupid, lazy people
  - 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 1203
  - 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 32
  - 155 CE – 235 CE, Cassius Dio, Collected Works 59.8
  - 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 5.35.13
a kind of marine fish
- Oppian, Halieutica 1.146
- Oppian, Halieutica 3.139
- 175 CE – 235 CE, Claudius Aelianus, On the Nature of Animals 9.38

Second declension of τὸ πρόβᾰτον; τοῦ προβᾰ́του (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ πρόβᾰτον tò próbăton	τὼ προβᾰ́τω tṑ probắtō	τᾰ̀ πρόβᾰτᾰ tằ próbătă
Genitive	τοῦ προβᾰ́του toû probắtou	τοῖν προβᾰ́τοιν toîn probắtoin	τῶν προβᾰ́των tôn probắtōn
Dative	τῷ προβᾰ́τῳ tōî probắtōi	τοῖν προβᾰ́τοιν toîn probắtoin	τοῖς προβᾰ́τοις toîs probắtois
Accusative	τὸ πρόβᾰτον tò próbăton	τὼ προβᾰ́τω tṑ probắtō	τᾰ̀ πρόβᾰτᾰ tằ próbătă
Vocative	πρόβᾰτον próbăton	προβᾰ́τω probắtō	πρόβᾰτᾰ próbătă
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.