ταράσσω
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- τᾰρᾰ́ττω (tărắttō) — Attic
- θρᾰ́σσω (thrắssō)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *dʰreh₂gʰ- (“to confuse, agitate, disturb”). Cognate with τρᾱχῠ́ς (trākhŭ́s) and Proto-Slavic *dražiti (“to annoy, irritate”). Doublet of θρᾱ́σσω (thrā́ssō).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ta.rás.sɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /taˈras.so/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /taˈras.so/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /taˈras.so/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /taˈra.so/
Verb
τᾰρᾰ́σσω • (tărắssō)
- to stir, trouble, agitate
- to trouble the mind, disturb
- (of an army) to throw into disorder
- (figuratively) to rout or upset
- to stir up, startle, excite
Conjugation
Present: τᾰρᾰ́σσω, τᾰρᾰ́σσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | τᾰρᾰ́σσω | τᾰρᾰ́σσεις | τᾰρᾰ́σσει | τᾰρᾰ́σσετον | τᾰρᾰ́σσετον | τᾰρᾰ́σσομεν | τᾰρᾰ́σσετε | τᾰρᾰ́σσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | τᾰρᾰ́σσω | τᾰρᾰ́σσῃς | τᾰρᾰ́σσῃ | τᾰρᾰ́σσητον | τᾰρᾰ́σσητον | τᾰρᾰ́σσωμεν | τᾰρᾰ́σσητε | τᾰρᾰ́σσωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | τᾰρᾰ́σσοιμῐ | τᾰρᾰ́σσοις | τᾰρᾰ́σσοι | τᾰρᾰ́σσοιτον | τᾰρᾰσσοίτην | τᾰρᾰ́σσοιμεν | τᾰρᾰ́σσοιτε | τᾰρᾰ́σσοιεν | |||||
| imperative | τᾰ́ρᾰσσε | τᾰρᾰσσέτω | τᾰρᾰ́σσετον | τᾰρᾰσσέτων | τᾰρᾰ́σσετε | τᾰρᾰσσόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | τᾰρᾰ́σσομαι | τᾰρᾰ́σσῃ, τᾰρᾰ́σσει |
τᾰρᾰ́σσεται | τᾰρᾰ́σσεσθον | τᾰρᾰ́σσεσθον | τᾰρᾰσσόμεθᾰ | τᾰρᾰ́σσεσθε | τᾰρᾰ́σσονται | ||||
| subjunctive | τᾰρᾰ́σσωμαι | τᾰρᾰ́σσῃ | τᾰρᾰ́σσηται | τᾰρᾰ́σσησθον | τᾰρᾰ́σσησθον | τᾰρᾰσσώμεθᾰ | τᾰρᾰ́σσησθε | τᾰρᾰ́σσωνται | |||||
| optative | τᾰρᾰσσοίμην | τᾰρᾰ́σσοιο | τᾰρᾰ́σσοιτο | τᾰρᾰ́σσοισθον | τᾰρᾰσσοίσθην | τᾰρᾰσσοίμεθᾰ | τᾰρᾰ́σσοισθε | τᾰρᾰ́σσοιντο | |||||
| imperative | τᾰρᾰ́σσου | τᾰρᾰσσέσθω | τᾰρᾰ́σσεσθον | τᾰρᾰσσέσθων | τᾰρᾰ́σσεσθε | τᾰρᾰσσέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | τᾰρᾰ́σσειν | τᾰρᾰ́σσεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | τᾰρᾰ́σσων | τᾰρᾰσσόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | τᾰρᾰ́σσουσᾰ | τᾰρᾰσσομένη | |||||||||||
| n | τᾰρᾰ́σσον | τᾰρᾰσσόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: τᾰρᾰ́ξω, τᾰρᾰ́ξομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | τᾰρᾰ́ξω | τᾰρᾰ́ξεις | τᾰρᾰ́ξει | τᾰρᾰ́ξετον | τᾰρᾰ́ξετον | τᾰρᾰ́ξομεν | τᾰρᾰ́ξετε | τᾰρᾰ́ξουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | τᾰρᾰ́ξοιμῐ | τᾰρᾰ́ξοις | τᾰρᾰ́ξοι | τᾰρᾰ́ξοιτον | τᾰρᾰξοίτην | τᾰρᾰ́ξοιμεν | τᾰρᾰ́ξοιτε | τᾰρᾰ́ξοιεν | |||||
| middle | indicative | τᾰρᾰ́ξομαι | τᾰρᾰ́ξῃ, τᾰρᾰ́ξει |
τᾰρᾰ́ξεται | τᾰρᾰ́ξεσθον | τᾰρᾰ́ξεσθον | τᾰρᾰξόμεθᾰ | τᾰρᾰ́ξεσθε | τᾰρᾰ́ξονται | ||||
| optative | τᾰρᾰξοίμην | τᾰρᾰ́ξοιο | τᾰρᾰ́ξοιτο | τᾰρᾰ́ξοισθον | τᾰρᾰξοίσθην | τᾰρᾰξοίμεθᾰ | τᾰρᾰ́ξοισθε | τᾰρᾰ́ξοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | τᾰρᾰ́ξειν | τᾰρᾰ́ξεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | τᾰρᾰ́ξων | τᾰρᾰξόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | τᾰρᾰ́ξουσᾰ | τᾰρᾰξομένη | |||||||||||
| n | τᾰρᾰ́ξον | τᾰρᾰξόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἐτᾰ́ρᾰξον, ἐτᾰρᾰξόμην, ἐτᾰρᾰ́χθην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐτᾰ́ρᾰξον | ἐτᾰ́ρᾰξες | ἐτᾰ́ρᾰξε(ν) | ἐτᾰρᾰ́ξετον | ἐτᾰρᾰξέτην | ἐτᾰρᾰ́ξομεν | ἐτᾰρᾰ́ξετε | ἐτᾰ́ρᾰξον | ||||
| subjunctive | τᾰρᾰ́ξω | τᾰρᾰ́ξῃς | τᾰρᾰ́ξῃ | τᾰρᾰ́ξητον | τᾰρᾰ́ξητον | τᾰρᾰ́ξωμεν | τᾰρᾰ́ξητε | τᾰρᾰ́ξωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | τᾰρᾰ́ξοιμῐ | τᾰρᾰ́ξοις | τᾰρᾰ́ξοι | τᾰρᾰ́ξοιτον | τᾰρᾰξοίτην | τᾰρᾰ́ξοιμεν | τᾰρᾰ́ξοιτε | τᾰρᾰ́ξοιεν | |||||
| imperative | τᾰ́ρᾰξε | τᾰρᾰξέτω | τᾰρᾰ́ξετον | τᾰρᾰξέτων | τᾰρᾰ́ξετε | τᾰρᾰξόντων | |||||||
| middle | indicative | ἐτᾰρᾰξόμην | ἐτᾰρᾰ́ξου | ἐτᾰρᾰ́ξετο | ἐτᾰρᾰ́ξεσθον | ἐτᾰρᾰξέσθην | ἐτᾰρᾰξόμεθᾰ | ἐτᾰρᾰ́ξεσθε | ἐτᾰρᾰ́ξοντο | ||||
| subjunctive | τᾰρᾰ́ξωμαι | τᾰρᾰ́ξῃ | τᾰρᾰ́ξηται | τᾰρᾰ́ξησθον | τᾰρᾰ́ξησθον | τᾰρᾰξώμεθᾰ | τᾰρᾰ́ξησθε | τᾰρᾰ́ξωνται | |||||
| optative | τᾰρᾰξοίμην | τᾰρᾰ́ξοιο | τᾰρᾰ́ξοιτο | τᾰρᾰ́ξοισθον | τᾰρᾰξοίσθην | τᾰρᾰξοίμεθᾰ | τᾰρᾰ́ξοισθε | τᾰρᾰ́ξοιντο | |||||
| imperative | τᾰρᾰξοῦ | τᾰρᾰξέσθω | τᾰρᾰ́ξεσθον | τᾰρᾰξέσθων | τᾰρᾰ́ξεσθε | τᾰρᾰξέσθων | |||||||
| passive | indicative | ἐτᾰρᾰ́χθην | ἐτᾰρᾰ́χθης | ἐτᾰρᾰ́χθη | ἐτᾰρᾰ́χθητον | ἐτᾰρᾰχθήτην | ἐτᾰρᾰ́χθημεν | ἐτᾰρᾰ́χθητε | ἐτᾰρᾰ́χθησᾰν | ||||
| subjunctive | τᾰρᾰχθῶ | τᾰρᾰχθῇς | τᾰρᾰχθῇ | τᾰρᾰχθῆτον | τᾰρᾰχθῆτον | τᾰρᾰχθῶμεν | τᾰρᾰχθῆτε | τᾰρᾰχθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | τᾰρᾰχθείην | τᾰρᾰχθείης | τᾰρᾰχθείη | τᾰρᾰχθεῖτον, τᾰρᾰχθείητον |
τᾰρᾰχθείτην, τᾰρᾰχθειήτην |
τᾰρᾰχθεῖμεν, τᾰρᾰχθείημεν |
τᾰρᾰχθεῖτε, τᾰρᾰχθείητε |
τᾰρᾰχθεῖεν, τᾰρᾰχθείησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | τᾰρᾰ́χθητῐ | τᾰρᾰχθήτω | τᾰρᾰ́χθητον | τᾰρᾰχθήτων | τᾰρᾰ́χθητε | τᾰρᾰχθέντων | |||||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | τᾰρᾰξεῖν | τᾰρᾰξέσθαι | τᾰρᾰχθῆναι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | τᾰρᾰξών | τᾰρᾰξόμενος | τᾰρᾰχθείς | |||||||||
| f | τᾰρᾰξοῦσᾰ | τᾰρᾰξομένη | τᾰρᾰχθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
| n | τᾰρᾰξόν | τᾰρᾰξόμενον | τᾰρᾰχθέν | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Perfect: τετᾰ́ρᾰχᾰ, τετᾰ́ρᾰγμαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | τετᾰ́ρᾰχᾰ | τετᾰ́ρᾰχᾰς | τετᾰ́ρᾰχε(ν) | τετᾰρᾰ́χᾰτον | τετᾰρᾰ́χᾰτον | τετᾰρᾰ́χᾰμεν | τετᾰρᾰ́χᾰτε | τετᾰρᾰ́χᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | τετᾰρᾰ́χω | τετᾰρᾰ́χῃς | τετᾰρᾰ́χῃ | τετᾰρᾰ́χητον | τετᾰρᾰ́χητον | τετᾰρᾰ́χωμεν | τετᾰρᾰ́χητε | τετᾰρᾰ́χωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | τετᾰρᾰ́χοιμῐ, τετᾰρᾰχοίην |
τετᾰρᾰ́χοις, τετᾰρᾰχοίης |
τετᾰρᾰ́χοι, τετᾰρᾰχοίη |
τετᾰρᾰ́χοιτον | τετᾰρᾰχοίτην | τετᾰρᾰ́χοιμεν | τετᾰρᾰ́χοιτε | τετᾰρᾰ́χοιεν | |||||
| imperative | τετᾰ́ρᾰχε | τετᾰρᾰχέτω | τετᾰρᾰ́χετον | τετᾰρᾰχέτων | τετᾰρᾰ́χετε | τετᾰρᾰχόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | τετᾰ́ρᾰγμαι | τετᾰ́ρᾰξαι | τετᾰ́ρᾰκται | τετᾰ́ρᾰχθον | τετᾰ́ρᾰχθον | τετᾰρᾰ́γμεθᾰ | τετᾰ́ρᾰχθε | τετᾰρᾰ́γᾰται | ||||
| subjunctive | τετᾰρᾰγμένος ὦ | τετᾰρᾰγμένος ᾖς | τετᾰρᾰγμένος ᾖ | τετᾰρᾰγμένω ἦτον | τετᾰρᾰγμένω ἦτον | τετᾰρᾰγμένοι ὦμεν | τετᾰρᾰγμένοι ἦτε | τετᾰρᾰγμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | τετᾰρᾰγμένος εἴην | τετᾰρᾰγμένος εἴης | τετᾰρᾰγμένος εἴη | τετᾰρᾰγμένω εἴητον/εἶτον | τετᾰρᾰγμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | τετᾰρᾰγμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | τετᾰρᾰγμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | τετᾰρᾰγμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
| imperative | τετᾰ́ρᾰξο | τετᾰρᾰ́χθω | τετᾰ́ρᾰχθον | τετᾰρᾰ́χθων | τετᾰ́ρᾰχθε | τετᾰρᾰ́χθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | τετᾰρᾰχέναι | τετᾰρᾰ́χθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | τετᾰρᾰχώς | τετᾰρᾰγμένος | ||||||||||
| f | τετᾰρᾰχυῖᾰ | τετᾰρᾰγμένη | |||||||||||
| n | τετᾰρᾰχός | τετᾰρᾰγμένον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- ἀνᾰτᾰρᾰ́σσω (anătărắssō)
- δῐᾰτᾰρᾰ́σσω (dĭătărắssō)
- ἐκτᾰρᾰ́σσω (ektărắssō)
- ἐπῐτᾰρᾰ́σσω (epĭtărắssō)
- κᾰτᾰτᾰρᾰ́σσω (kătătărắssō)
- σῠντᾰρᾰ́σσω (sŭntărắssō)
- τᾰ́ρᾰγμᾰ (tắrăgmă)
- τᾰρᾰγμός (tărăgmós)
- τᾰρᾰκτήρῐον (tărăktḗrĭon)
- τᾰρᾰκτῐκός (tărăktĭkós)
- τᾰρᾰκτός (tărăktós)
- τᾰ́ρᾰκτρον (tắrăktron)
- τᾰ́ρᾰξῐς (tắrăxĭs)
- τᾰρᾰχή (tărăkhḗ)
Further reading
- “ταράσσω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ταράσσω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ταράσσω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ταράσσω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ταράσσω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “ταράσσω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G5015 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ταράσσω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1451