τρίζω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From the same imitative Indo-European root as Latin stridō (“to screech, grate”) and Russian стрекота́ть (strekotátʹ, “to chirr, rattle”).

Pronunciation

 

Verb

τρίζω • (trízō)

  1. to scream, cry
  2. to crack (of a joint)
  3. to gnash (teeth)
  4. to twang (the string of a musical instrument)

Conjugation

   Present: τρῐ́ζω, τρῐ́ζομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative τρῐ́ζω τρῐ́ζεις τρῐ́ζει τρῐ́ζετον τρῐ́ζετον τρῐ́ζομεν τρῐ́ζετε τρῐ́ζουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive τρῐ́ζω τρῐ́ζῃς τρῐ́ζῃ τρῐ́ζητον τρῐ́ζητον τρῐ́ζωμεν τρῐ́ζητε τρῐ́ζωσῐ(ν)
optative τρῐ́ζοιμῐ τρῐ́ζοις τρῐ́ζοι τρῐ́ζοιτον τρῐζοίτην τρῐ́ζοιμεν τρῐ́ζοιτε τρῐ́ζοιεν
imperative   τρῐ́ζε τρῐζέτω τρῐ́ζετον τρῐζέτων   τρῐ́ζετε τρῐζόντων
middle/
passive 		indicative τρῐ́ζομαι τρῐ́ζῃ,
τρῐ́ζει 		τρῐ́ζεται τρῐ́ζεσθον τρῐ́ζεσθον τρῐζόμεθᾰ τρῐ́ζεσθε τρῐ́ζονται
subjunctive τρῐ́ζωμαι τρῐ́ζῃ τρῐ́ζηται τρῐ́ζησθον τρῐ́ζησθον τρῐζώμεθᾰ τρῐ́ζησθε τρῐ́ζωνται
optative τρῐζοίμην τρῐ́ζοιο τρῐ́ζοιτο τρῐ́ζοισθον τρῐζοίσθην τρῐζοίμεθᾰ τρῐ́ζοισθε τρῐ́ζοιντο
imperative   τρῐ́ζου τρῐζέσθω τρῐ́ζεσθον τρῐζέσθων   τρῐ́ζεσθε τρῐζέσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive τρῐ́ζειν τρῐ́ζεσθαι
participle m τρῐ́ζων τρῐζόμενος
f τρῐ́ζουσᾰ τρῐζομένη
n τρῐ́ζον τρῐζόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἔτρῐζον, ἐτρῐζόμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔτρῐζον ἔτρῐζες ἔτρῐζε(ν) ἐτρῐ́ζετον ἐτρῐζέτην ἐτρῐ́ζομεν ἐτρῐ́ζετε ἔτρῐζον
middle/
passive 		indicative ἐτρῐζόμην ἐτρῐ́ζου ἐτρῐ́ζετο ἐτρῐ́ζεσθον ἐτρῐζέσθην ἐτρῐζόμεθᾰ ἐτρῐ́ζεσθε ἐτρῐ́ζοντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: τρῐ́σω, τρῐ́σομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative τρῐ́σω τρῐ́σεις τρῐ́σει τρῐ́σετον τρῐ́σετον τρῐ́σομεν τρῐ́σετε τρῐ́σουσῐ(ν)
optative τρῐ́σοιμῐ τρῐ́σοις τρῐ́σοι τρῐ́σοιτον τρῐσοίτην τρῐ́σοιμεν τρῐ́σοιτε τρῐ́σοιεν
middle indicative τρῐ́σομαι τρῐ́σῃ,
τρῐ́σει 		τρῐ́σεται τρῐ́σεσθον τρῐ́σεσθον τρῐσόμεθᾰ τρῐ́σεσθε τρῐ́σονται
optative τρῐσοίμην τρῐ́σοιο τρῐ́σοιτο τρῐ́σοισθον τρῐσοίσθην τρῐσοίμεθᾰ τρῐ́σοισθε τρῐ́σοιντο
active middle
infinitive τρῐ́σειν τρῐ́σεσθαι
participle m τρῐ́σων τρῐσόμενος
f τρῐ́σουσᾰ τρῐσομένη
n τρῐ́σον τρῐσόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: τρῐ́ξω, τρῐ́ξομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative τρῐ́ξω τρῐ́ξεις τρῐ́ξει τρῐ́ξετον τρῐ́ξετον τρῐ́ξομεν τρῐ́ξετε τρῐ́ξουσῐ(ν)
optative τρῐ́ξοιμῐ τρῐ́ξοις τρῐ́ξοι τρῐ́ξοιτον τρῐξοίτην τρῐ́ξοιμεν τρῐ́ξοιτε τρῐ́ξοιεν
middle indicative τρῐ́ξομαι τρῐ́ξῃ,
τρῐ́ξει 		τρῐ́ξεται τρῐ́ξεσθον τρῐ́ξεσθον τρῐξόμεθᾰ τρῐ́ξεσθε τρῐ́ξονται
optative τρῐξοίμην τρῐ́ξοιο τρῐ́ξοιτο τρῐ́ξοισθον τρῐξοίσθην τρῐξοίμεθᾰ τρῐ́ξοισθε τρῐ́ξοιντο
active middle
infinitive τρῐ́ξειν τρῐ́ξεσθαι
participle m τρῐ́ξων τρῐξόμενος
f τρῐ́ξουσᾰ τρῐξομένη
n τρῐ́ξον τρῐξόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἔτρῑσᾰ, ἐτρῑσᾰ́μην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔτρῑσᾰ ἔτρῑσᾰς ἔτρῑσε(ν) ἐτρῑ́σᾰτον ἐτρῑσᾰ́την ἐτρῑ́σᾰμεν ἐτρῑ́σᾰτε ἔτρῑσᾰν
subjunctive τρῑ́σω τρῑ́σῃς τρῑ́σῃ τρῑ́σητον τρῑ́σητον τρῑ́σωμεν τρῑ́σητε τρῑ́σωσῐ(ν)
optative τρῑ́σαιμῐ τρῑ́σειᾰς,
τρῑ́σαις 		τρῑ́σειε(ν),
τρῑ́σαι 		τρῑ́σαιτον τρῑσαίτην τρῑ́σαιμεν τρῑ́σαιτε τρῑ́σειᾰν,
τρῑ́σαιεν
imperative   τρῖσον τρῑσᾰ́τω τρῑ́σᾰτον τρῑσᾰ́των   τρῑ́σᾰτε τρῑσᾰ́ντων
middle indicative ἐτρῑσᾰ́μην ἐτρῑ́σω ἐτρῑ́σᾰτο ἐτρῑ́σᾰσθον ἐτρῑσᾰ́σθην ἐτρῑσᾰ́μεθᾰ ἐτρῑ́σᾰσθε ἐτρῑ́σᾰντο
subjunctive τρῑ́σωμαι τρῑ́σῃ τρῑ́σηται τρῑ́σησθον τρῑ́σησθον τρῑσώμεθᾰ τρῑ́σησθε τρῑ́σωνται
optative τρῑσαίμην τρῑ́σαιο τρῑ́σαιτο τρῑ́σαισθον τρῑσαίσθην τρῑσαίμεθᾰ τρῑ́σαισθε τρῑ́σαιντο
imperative   τρῖσαι τρῑσᾰ́σθω τρῑ́σᾰσθον τρῑσᾰ́σθων   τρῑ́σᾰσθε τρῑσᾰ́σθων
active middle
infinitive τρῖσαι τρῑ́σᾰσθαι
participle m τρῑ́σᾱς τρῑσᾰ́μενος
f τρῑ́σᾱσᾰ τρῑσᾰμένη
n τρῖσᾰν τρῑσᾰ́μενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Perfect: τέτρῑγᾰ (often with present meaning)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative τέτρῑγᾰ τέτρῑγᾰς τέτρῑγε(ν) τετρῑ́γᾰτον τετρῑ́γᾰτον τετρῑ́γᾰμεν τετρῑ́γᾰτε τετρῑ́γᾱσῐ(ν)
subjunctive τετρῑ́γω τετρῑ́γῃς τετρῑ́γῃ τετρῑ́γητον τετρῑ́γητον τετρῑ́γωμεν τετρῑ́γητε τετρῑ́γωσῐ(ν)
optative τετρῑ́γοιμῐ,
τετρῑγοίην 		τετρῑ́γοις,
τετρῑγοίης 		τετρῑ́γοι,
τετρῑγοίη 		τετρῑ́γοιτον τετρῑγοίτην τετρῑ́γοιμεν τετρῑ́γοιτε τετρῑ́γοιεν
imperative   τέτρῑγε τετρῑγέτω τετρῑ́γετον τετρῑγέτων   τετρῑ́γετε τετρῑγόντων
active
infinitive τετρῑγέναι
participle m τετρῑγώς
f τετρῑγυῖᾰ
n τετρῑγός
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Pluperfect: τετρῑ́γειν (often with imperfect meaning)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative τετρῑ́γειν,
τετρῑ́γη 		τετρῑ́γεις,
τετρῑ́γης 		τετρῑ́γει(ν) τετρῑ́γετον τετρῑγέτην τετρῑ́γεμεν τετρῑ́γετε τετρῑ́γεσᾰν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Pluperfect: ἐτετρῑ́γειν (often with imperfect meaning)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐτετρῑ́γειν,
ἐτετρῑ́γη 		ἐτετρῑ́γεις,
ἐτετρῑ́γης 		ἐτετρῑ́γει(ν) ἐτετρῑ́γετον ἐτετρῑγέτην ἐτετρῑ́γεμεν ἐτετρῑ́γετε ἐτετρῑ́γεσᾰν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Quotations

  • The Gospel of Mark 9:18:
    καὶ ὅπου ἂν αὐτὸν καταλάβῃ, ῥήσσει αὐτόν· καὶ ἀφρίζει, καὶ τρίζει τοὺς ὀδόντας αὐτοῦ, καὶ ξηραίνεται· καὶ εἶπον τοῖς μαθηταῖς σου ἵνα αὐτὸ ἐκβάλωσι, καὶ οὐκ ἴσχυσαν.
    kaì hópou àn autòn katalábēi, rhḗssei autón; kaì aphrízei, kaì trízei toùs odóntas autoû, kaì xēraínetai; kaì eîpon toîs mathētaîs sou hína autò ekbálōsi, kaì ouk ískhusan.
    • Translation by KJV
      And wheresoever he taketh him, he teareth him: and he foameth, and gnasheth with his teeth, and pineth away: and I spake to thy disciples that they should cast him out; and they could not.

Derived terms

  • τρίγλη (tríglē)
  • τριγμός (trigmós)
  • τρισμός (trismós)

Descendants

  • Greek: τρίζω (trízo)

Further reading

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek τρίζω (trízō), from the same imitative Proto-Indo-European root as Latin strido (“I screech, grate”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈtri.zo/
  • Hyphenation: τρί‧ζω

Verb

τρίζω • (trízo) (past έτριξα, passive —)

  1. to squeak, creak
  2. to crack, collapse
  3. to squeeze, grind, gnash

Conjugation

τρίζω   (active forms only plus passive perfect participle)
Active voice ➤
Indicative mood ➤ Imperfective aspect ➤ Perfective aspect ➤
Non-past tenses ➤ Present ➤ Dependent ➤
1 sg τρίξω
2 sg τρίζεις τρίξεις
3 sg τρίζει τρίξει
1 pl τρίζουμε, [‑ομε] τρίξουμε, [‑ομε]
2 pl τρίζετε τρίξετε
3 pl τρίζουν(ε) τρίξουν(ε)
Past tenses ➤ Imperfect ➤ Simple past ➤
1 sg έτριζα έτριξα
2 sg έτριζες έτριξες
3 sg έτριζε έτριξε
1 pl τρίζαμε τρίξαμε
2 pl τρίζατε τρίξατε
3 pl έτριζαν, τρίζαν(ε) έτριξαν, τρίξαν(ε)
Future tenses ➤ Continuous ➤ Simple ➤
1 sg θα ➤ θα τρίξω ➤
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl θα τρίζεις, … θα τρίξεις, …
Perfect aspect ➤
Present perfect ➤   έχω, έχεις, … τρίξει  
Past perfect ➤   είχα, είχες, … τρίξει  
Future perfect ➤   θα έχω, θα έχεις, … τρίξει  
Subjunctive mood ➤ Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας).
Imperative mood ➤ Imperfective aspect Perfective aspect
2 sg τρίζε τρίξε, τρίχ' 1
2 pl τρίζετε τρίξτε, τρίχτε2
Other forms
Active present participle ➤   τρίζοντας ➤
Active perfect participle ➤   έχοντας τρίξει ➤
Passive perfect participle ➤ (τριγμένος, ‑η, ‑o)3 ➤
Nonfinite form ➤   τρίξει
Notes  
 
Appendix:Greek verbs 		 1. Colloquial apocopic perfective imperative + accusative of article & noun or weak pronouns e.g. τρίχ' το ("squeak it!")
 2. Colloquial.
 3. Especially in the expression: τριγμένα δόντια ("clenched teeth")
 • (…) optional or informal.   […] rare.   {…} learned, archaic.
 • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency.
 • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive.

Derived terms

  • τριγμένα δόντια (trigména dóntia, “gritted teeth, clenched teeth”)
  • τρίζω τα δόντια (trízo ta dóntia, “grind teeth”)
  • τρίζουν τα κόκαλα (trízoun ta kókala, “turn over in one's grave”)
  • τριγμένος (trigménos, “grated”, participle)
  • τριγμός m (trigmós, “tremor”)
  • τριζάτος (trizátos, “squeaky, new”, adjective)
  • τριζοβολάω (trizovoláo), τριζοβολώ (trizovoló)
  • τριζοκοπάω (trizokopáo), τριζοκοπώ (trizokopó)
  • τριζόνι n (trizóni, “cricket”)
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