τύρβη

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

σύρβη (súrbē)

Etymology

Disputed. Though traditionally connected to the Germanic terms *staurijan (“to disturb, harm”), *sturiz (“turmoil, confusion, noise”), *sturmaz (“storm”) and *sturjan (“to be/put in motion, stir”) via a hypothetical Proto-Indo-European root *(s)twerH-, according to Beekes the variation within Greek in fact points to a Pre-Greek origin. A formal connection with Latin turba (“confusion; troop”) and turma (“troop, squadron”) is also difficult; the former might be a loanword from Greek.^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /týr.bɛː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈtyr.be̝/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈtyr.βi/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈtyr.vi/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈtir.vi/

Noun

τῠ́ρβη • (tŭ́rbē) f (genitive τῠ́ρβης); first declension

disorder, confusion, tumult
(figuratively) poetic rout, revelry

Inflection

First declension of ἡ τῠ́ρβη; τῆς τῠ́ρβης (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ τῠ́ρβη hē tŭ́rbē	τὼ τῠ́ρβᾱ tṑ tŭ́rbā	αἱ τῠ́ρβαι hai tŭ́rbai
Genitive	τῆς τῠ́ρβης tês tŭ́rbēs	τοῖν τῠ́ρβαιν toîn tŭ́rbain	τῶν τῠρβῶν tôn tŭrbôn
Dative	τῇ τῠ́ρβῃ tēî tŭ́rbēi	τοῖν τῠ́ρβαιν toîn tŭ́rbain	ταῖς τῠ́ρβαις taîs tŭ́rbais
Accusative	τὴν τῠ́ρβην tḕn tŭ́rbēn	τὼ τῠ́ρβᾱ tṑ tŭ́rbā	τᾱ̀ς τῠ́ρβᾱς tā̀s tŭ́rbās
Vocative	τῠ́ρβη tŭ́rbē	τῠ́ρβᾱ tŭ́rbā	τῠ́ρβαι tŭ́rbai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

τύρβα (túrba)
τυρβάζω (turbázō)
τυρβασία (turbasía)
τύρβασμα (túrbasma)

Descendants

→ Latin: turba

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “τύρβη”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1520