φαλός

See also: φάλος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *pʰalós, traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to shine”), with cognates including Sanskrit भाल (bhāla, “splendour”), Old Armenian բալ (bal, “fog”), Old English bǣl (English bale), and, in particular, Lithuanian bãlas (“white”).

It was further supposed that βαλιός (baliós, “spotted, dappled”) was related as a word from the Balkans. However, according to Beekes, the word is of Pre-Greek origin, in view of all the variations seen in the derived terms, and thus unrelated to the words listed under *bʰel-.^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pʰa.lós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /pʰaˈlos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ɸaˈlos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /faˈlos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /faˈlos/

Adjective

φᾰλός • (phălós) m (feminine φᾰλή, neuter φᾰλόν); first/second declension

(hapax legomenon) white

Inflection

First and second declension of φᾰλός; φᾰλή; φᾰλόν (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	φᾰλός phălós	φᾰλή phălḗ	φᾰλόν phălón	φᾰλώ phălṓ	φᾰλᾱ́ phălā́	φᾰλώ phălṓ	φᾰλοί phăloí	φᾰλαί phălaí	φᾰλᾰ́ phălắ
Genitive	φᾰλοῦ phăloû	φᾰλῆς phălês	φᾰλοῦ phăloû	φᾰλοῖν phăloîn	φᾰλαῖν phălaîn	φᾰλοῖν phăloîn	φᾰλῶν phălôn	φᾰλῶν phălôn	φᾰλῶν phălôn
Dative	φᾰλῷ phălōî	φᾰλῇ phălēî	φᾰλῷ phălōî	φᾰλοῖν phăloîn	φᾰλαῖν phălaîn	φᾰλοῖν phăloîn	φᾰλοῖς phăloîs	φᾰλαῖς phălaîs	φᾰλοῖς phăloîs
Accusative	φᾰλόν phălón	φᾰλήν phălḗn	φᾰλόν phălón	φᾰλώ phălṓ	φᾰλᾱ́ phălā́	φᾰλώ phălṓ	φᾰλούς phăloús	φᾰλᾱ́ς phălā́s	φᾰλᾰ́ phălắ
Vocative	φᾰλέ phălé	φᾰλή phălḗ	φᾰλόν phălón	φᾰλώ phălṓ	φᾰλᾱ́ phălā́	φᾰλώ phălṓ	φᾰλοί phăloí	φᾰλαί phălaí	φᾰλᾰ́ phălắ
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	φᾰλῶς phălôs			φᾰλώτερος phălṓteros			φᾰλώτᾰτος phălṓtătos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

φᾰλᾰκρός (phălăkrós)
φᾰ́λᾱρος (phắlāros)
φᾰλῐός (phălĭós)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “φαλός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1550-1