врагъ
Old Church Slavonic
Alternative forms
- (Glagolitic): ⰲⱃⰰⰳⱏ (vragŭ)
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *vorgъ (“enemy, foe”).
Noun
врагъ • (vragŭ) m
- an enemy, foe
- XI century, Codex Assemanius, Luke 19:43:
- ѣко придѫтъ дьнье на тѧ · и обложѧтъ врази твои · острогъ о тебѣ · и обидѫтъ тѧ · и окрочѧтъ тѧ в сѫду ·
- jěko pridǫtŭ dĭnĭje na tę · i obložętŭ vrazi tvoi · ostrogŭ o tebě · i obidǫtŭ tę · i okročętŭ tę v sǫdu ·
- For the days shall come upon thee, that thine enemies shall cast a trench about thee, and compass thee round, and keep thee in on every side,
- from the Homily against the Bogumils, 181-184:
- аще бо земьнаѥго цѣсарꙗ врагомъ иже бѫдетъ дроугъ то нѣстъ и житию достоинъ нъ съ врагꙑ ѥго оумираѥтъ
- ašte bo zemĭnajego cěsarja vragomŭ iže bǫdetŭ drugŭ to něstŭ i žitiju dostoinŭ nŭ sŭ vragy jego umirajetŭ
- If a man who allies himself to the enemies of an earthly king does not even deserve to live, but is put to death along with them
- XI century, Codex Assemanius, Luke 19:43:
- (figuratively) the devil
- Ретъко, editor (1025±50?), “врага”, in Codex Suprasliensis[1] (in Old Church Slavonic), page (leaf) 160.5, line 26, In ramos palmarum Homilia (John Chrysostom's Homily on Palm Sunday):
- […] ѿ съврьшивъшааго из устъ младеништемъ и съсѫштиимъ хвалѫ · раздроушити врага и мьстьника […]
- […] otŭ sŭvrĭšivŭšaago iz ustŭ mladeništemŭ i sŭsǫštiimŭ xvalǫ · razdrušiti vraga i mĭstĭnika […]
- […] from the one who made praise out of the mouth of babes and sucklings, that he mightest destroy the enemy and the avenger […]
- Ретъко, editor (1025±50?), “врага”, in Codex Suprasliensis[1] (in Old Church Slavonic), page (leaf) 160.5, line 26, In ramos palmarum Homilia (John Chrysostom's Homily on Palm Sunday):
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | врагъ vragŭ |
врага vraga |
враѕи vradzi |
| genitive | врага vraga |
врагоу vragu |
врагъ vragŭ |
| dative | врагоу, врагови vragu, vragovi |
врагома vragoma |
врагомъ vragomŭ |
| accusative | врагъ, врага vragŭ, vraga |
врага vraga |
врагꙑ vragy |
| instrumental | врагомъ vragomŭ |
врагома vragoma |
врагꙑ vragy |
| locative | враѕѣ vradzě |
врагоу vragu |
враѕѣхъ vradzěxŭ |
| vocative | враже vraže |
врага vraga |
враѕи vradzi |
Derived terms
Descendants
References
- Cejtlin, R.M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, E., editors (1994), “”, in Старославянский словарь (по рукописям X—XI веков) [Old Church Slavonic Dictionary (Based on 10–11th Century Manuscripts)] (overall work in Russian), Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 122
Old East Slavic
Etymology
Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic врагъ (vragŭ), from Proto-Slavic *vorgъ (“enemy, foe”). Doublet of ворогъ (vorogŭ).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈʋrɑɡʊ/→/ˈʋraɡʊ/→/ˈʋraɡ/
- Hyphenation: вра‧гъ
Noun
врагъ (vragŭ) m
- an enemy, foe
- XI century, Память и Похвала князю русскому Владимиру (Memorial and Panegyric to Prince Vladimir of Rus):
- […] благодать Божия просвѣщаше сердце его и рука Господня помогаше ему, и побѣжаше всꙗ врагы своꙗ, и боꙗхутсѧ его вси.
- […] blagodatĭ Božija prosvěščaše serdce jego i ruka Gospodnja pomogaše jemu, i poběžaše vsja vragy svoja, i bojaxutsę jego vsi.
- […] God's grace illuminated his heart and God's hand helped him, and [he] defeated all his foes, and was feared among all.
- XI century, Память и Похвала князю русскому Владимиру (Memorial and Panegyric to Prince Vladimir of Rus):
- (figuratively) the devil
- Лаврентеи, editor (1377), “врагъ”, in Повѣсти времѧньнꙑ лѣ [Laurentian Codex][2], 11th century, page (leaf) 52, line -12, s.a. 6545 (1037):
- Радовашесѧ Ꙗрославъ вида множьство цьрквии . и люди хрестꙑанꙑ зѣло . а врагъ сѣтовашетьсѧ побѣжаемъ . новыми людьми хрестꙑанскꙑми.
- Radovašesę Jaroslavŭ vida množĭstvo cĭrkvii . i ljudi xrestyany zělo . a vragŭ sětovašetĭsę poběžajemŭ . novymi ljudĭmi xrestyanskymi.
- And Yaroslav was glad, seeing many churches and many Christians [among his] people, while the devil wailed, being defeated by the newly-baptized.
- Лаврентеи, editor (1377), “врагъ”, in Повѣсти времѧньнꙑ лѣ [Laurentian Codex][2], 11th century, page (leaf) 52, line -12, s.a. 6545 (1037):
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | врагъ vragŭ |
врага vraga |
врази vrazi |
| genitive | врага vraga |
врагу vragu |
врагъ vragŭ |
| dative | врагу vragu |
врагома vragoma |
врагомъ vragomŭ |
| accusative | врагъ vragŭ |
врага vraga |
врагꙑ vragy |
| instrumental | врагъмь vragŭmĭ |
врагома vragoma |
врагꙑ vragy |
| locative | вразѣ vrazě |
врагу vragu |
вразѣхъ vrazěxŭ |
| vocative | враже vraže |
врага vraga |
врази vrazi |
Derived terms
- врагочьствьно (vragočĭstvĭno, “nefariously”)
- врагочьстивꙑи (vragočĭstivyi, “nefarious”)
- вражедьнꙑи (vražedĭnyi, “hostile”)
- вражии (vražii, “hostile, diabolical”)
- вражица (vražica, “she-enemy”)
- вражьбьникъ (vražĭbĭnikŭ, “enemy”)
- вражьбьнꙑи (vražĭbĭnyi, “hostile”)
- вражьда (vražĭda, “enmity”)
- вражьдебьнꙑи (vražĭdebĭnyi, “hostile”)
- вражьдивъ (vražĭdivŭ, “spiteful”)
- вражьдовати (vražĭdovati, “to hate, resent”)
- вражьдолюбьнѣ (vražĭdoljubĭně, “odiously”)
- вражьдолюбьць (vražĭdoljubĭcĭ, “enmity-lover”)
- вражьдьникъ (vražĭdĭnikŭ, “enemy”)
- вражьдьница (vražĭdĭnica, “she-enemy”)
- вражьдьныи (vražĭdĭnyi, “hostile”)
- вражьнꙑи (vražĭnyi, “hostile”)
- вражьскꙑи (vražĭskyi, “hostile, related to enemy”)
Related terms
- врагуша (vraguša, “fever”)
- вражениѥ (vraženije, “augury, enchanting”)
- враженꙑи (vraženyi, “enchanted”)
- вражитель (vražitelĭ, “soothsayer”)
- вражити (vražiti, “to enchant”)
- вражьба (vražĭba, “cure”)
Descendants
References
- Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1893) “врагъ”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments][3] (in Russian), volume 1 (А – К), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 310