враг
Bulgarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [vrak]
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -ak
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vȏrgъ (with mobile accentuation), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wargás.
Noun
враг • (vrag) m
- enemy, foe, fiend, nemesis
- Synonyms: неприя́тел (neprijátel), не́дник (nédnik)
- opponent, adversary, antagonist
- Synonym: проти́вник (protívnik)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | враг vrag |
врагове́, врази́1 vragové, vrazí1 |
| definite (subject form) |
врагъ́т vragǎ́t |
врагове́те, врази́те1 vragovéte, vrazíte1 |
| definite (object form) |
врага́ vragá | |
| vocative form | вра́же vráže |
врагове́, врази́1 vragové, vrazí1 |
1Poetic.
Derived terms
verbs
- (factitive) врагу́вам (vragúvam)
- (causative) вра́жа (vráža)
nouns
- (abstract) вражда́ (vraždá)
- вра́жла f (vrážla)
- вра́жльо m (vrážljo)
- сувра́жник (suvrážnik, “adversary”) (obsolete)
adjectives
- вра́гов (vrágov)
- врагови́т (vragovít)
- вра́жески (vrážeski)
- вра́жи (vráži)
References
- “враг¹”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “враг”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Nayden Gerov (1895) “врагъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language][1] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 152
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “враг¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 178
- “врагъ”, in Старобългарски речник [Dictionary of Old Bulgarian] (in Bulgarian), https://histdict.uni-sofia.bg, 2011—2025
Etymology 2
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vòrgъ or *vьragъ (with fixed accentuation).
Noun
враг • (vrag) m
- (dialectal) dale, gorge with steep slopes
- Synonym: (colloquial) дере (dere)
- (figurative, dialectal) large wound
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | враг vrag |
вра́гове vrágove |
| definite (subject form) |
вра́гът vrágǎt |
вра́говете vrágovete |
| definite (object form) |
вра́га vrága | |
| count form | — | вра́га vrága |
Derived terms
- овра́г (ovrág, “ravine”)
Derived terms
- вра́гула (vrágula, “grave, mound”) (dialectal)
- враж (vraž, “sharp, pointy, grave”) (dialectal)
Related terms
- въ́ргам (vǎ́rgam, “to throw”) (possibly)
- вра́га (vrága, “wound, edema”) (possibly)
- врах (vrah, “heap, pile”) (dialectal)
References
- “враг²”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- Nayden Gerov (1895) “врагъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language][2] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 152
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “враг²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 179
Macedonian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vorgъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wargás.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [vrak]
Noun
враг • (vrag) m (plural врагови)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | враг (vrag) | врагови (vragovi) |
| definite unspecified | врагот (vragot) | враговите (vragovite) |
| definite proximal | врагов (vragov) | враговиве (vragovive) |
| definite distal | врагон (vragon) | враговине (vragovine) |
| vocative | врагу (vragu) | врагови (vragovi) |
| count form | — | врага (vraga) |
Synonyms
- ѓавол (ǵavol)
- непријател (neprijatel)
Russian
Alternative forms
- врагъ (vrag) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
Etymology
Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic врагъ (vragŭ), from Proto-Slavic *vorgъ. Compare the inherited doublet во́рог (vórog, “enemy, foe”) (poetic).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [vrak]
Audio: (file)
Noun
враг • (vrag) m anim (genitive врага́, nominative plural враги́, genitive plural враго́в, relational adjective вра́жий)
- enemy, foe
- Synonyms: проти́вник (protívnik), неприя́тель (neprijátelʹ), не́друг (nédrug); (dated, poetic) во́рог (vórog); (colloquial, lowered) вражи́на (vražína)
- Antonym: друг (drug)
- враг наро́да ― vrag naróda ― enemy of the people
Declension
Synonyms
- проти́вник m anim (protívnik)
Derived terms
- Proverbs
- враг не дре́млет (vrag ne drémlet)
Related terms
- вражда́ f (vraždá)
- вражде́бный (vraždébnyj)
- враждова́ть impf (vraždovátʹ)
- вра́жеский (vrážeskij)
- вражи́на m anim or f anim (vražína)
Collocations
- в тылу́ врага́ (v tylú vragá)
- вне́шний враг (vnéšnij vrag)
- вну́тренний враг (vnútrennij vrag)
- враг на поро́ге (vrag na poróge)
- враг наро́да (vrag naróda)
- враг но́мер оди́н (vrag nómer odín)
- гла́вный враг (glávnyj vrag)
- закля́тый враг (zakljátyj vrag)
- зле́йший враг (zléjšij vrag)
- иска́ть враго́в (iskátʹ vragóv)
- ли́чный враг (líčnyj vrag)
- о́браз врага́ (óbraz vragá)
- о́бщий враг (óbščij vrag)
- та́йный враг (tájnyj vrag)
References
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “враг”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vorgъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wargás.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʋrâːɡ/
Noun
вра̑г m anim (Latin spelling vrȃg)
- devil
- (intensifier) hell
- Koji se vrag upravo dogodio?
- What the hell just happened?
- Nemoj ga smetati. Ljut je kao vrag.
- Don't bother him. He is angry as hell.
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | вра̑г | вра̏гови / вра̑зи |
| genitive | врага | врагова / враза |
| dative | врагу | враговима / вразима |
| accusative | врага | врагове / вразе |
| vocative | вра̑же | врагови / врази |
| locative | врагу | враговима / вразима |
| instrumental | врагом | враговима / вразима |
Further reading
- “враг”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
Ukrainian
Alternative forms
- ура́г (uráh) (rare)
Etymology
Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic врагъ (vragŭ), from Proto-Slavic *vorgъ. Compare the inherited doublet во́рог (vóroh, “enemy, foe”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [wraɦ]
Noun
враг • (vrah) m pers (genitive врага́, nominative plural враги́, genitive plural врагі́в, relational adjective вра́жий) (chiefly archaic)
- (poetic) enemy, foe
- devil
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:чорт
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | враг vrah |
враги́ vrahý |
| genitive | врага́ vrahá |
врагі́в vrahív |
| dative | враго́ві, врагу́ vrahóvi, vrahú |
врага́м vrahám |
| accusative | врага́ vrahá |
врагі́в vrahív |
| instrumental | враго́м vrahóm |
врага́ми vrahámy |
| locative | враго́ві, врагу́ vrahóvi, vrahú |
врага́х vraháx |
| vocative | вра́же vráže |
враги́ vrahý |
Further reading
- Hrinchenko, Borys, editor (1907–1909), “враг”, in Словарь украинского языка [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Russian), Kyiv: Kievskaya starina
- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “враг”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2025), “враг”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1–15 (а – п'ять), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka; Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN
- “враг”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)