ломя
See also: лома
Bulgarian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lomiti.
Verb
ломя́ • (lomjá) first-singular present indicative, impf
- (transitive) to break, to crush, to smash
- (reflexive with се) to fracture, to crumble
- (reflexive with се, figurative) to lose spirit, to get broken psychologically
Conjugation
Conjugation of ломя́ (conjugation 2.1, imperfective, transitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | ломя́щ lomjášt |
ломи́л lomíl |
ломя́л lomjál |
ломе́н lomén |
ломе́йки loméjki | |
| definite subject form | ломя́щият lomjáštijat |
ломи́лият lomílijat |
— | ломе́ният loménijat | |||
| definite object form | ломя́щия lomjáštija |
ломи́лия lomílija |
— | ломе́ния loménija | |||
| feminine | indefinite | ломя́ща lomjášta |
ломи́ла lomíla |
ломя́ла lomjála |
ломе́на loména | ||
| definite | ломя́щата lomjáštata |
ломи́лата lomílata |
— | ломе́ната loménata | |||
| neuter | indefinite | ломя́що lomjášto |
ломи́ло lomílo |
ломя́ло lomjálo |
ломе́но loméno |
ломе́не loméne | |
| definite | ломя́щото lomjáštoto |
ломи́лото lomíloto |
— | ломе́ното loménoto |
ломе́нето loméneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | ломя́щи lomjášti |
ломи́ли lomíli |
ломе́ли loméli |
ломе́ни loméni |
ломе́ния, ломе́нета loménija, loméneta | |
| definite | ломя́щите lomjáštite |
ломи́лите lomílite |
— | ломе́ните loménite |
ломе́нията, ломе́нетата loménijata, loménetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | ломя́ lomjá |
ломи́ш lomíš |
ломи́ lomí |
ломи́м lomím |
ломи́те lomíte |
ломя́т lomját | |
| imperfect | ломя́х lomjáh |
ломе́ше loméše |
ломе́ше loméše |
ломя́хме lomjáhme |
ломя́хте lomjáhte |
ломя́ха lomjáha | |
| aorist | ломи́х lomíh |
ломи́ lomí |
ломи́ lomí |
ломи́хме lomíhme |
ломи́хте lomíhte |
ломи́ха lomíha | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ломи́л m, ломи́ла f, ломи́ло n, or ломи́ли pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and ломи́л m, ломи́ла f, ломи́ло n, or ломи́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and ломи́л m, ломи́ла f, ломи́ло n, or ломи́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and ломи́л m, ломи́ла f, ломи́ло n, or ломи́ли pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ломя́л m, ломя́ла f, ломя́ло n, or ломе́ли pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ломи́л m, ломи́ла f, ломи́ло n, or ломи́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ломи́л m, ломи́ла f, ломи́ло n, or ломи́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and ломи́л m, ломи́ла f, ломи́ло n, or ломи́ли pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ломя́л m, ломя́ла f, ломя́ло n, or ломе́ли pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and ломи́л m, ломи́ла f, ломи́ло n, or ломи́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and ломи́л m, ломи́ла f, ломи́ло n, or ломи́ли pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ломя́л m, ломя́ла f, ломя́ло n, or ломе́ли pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ломи́л m, ломи́ла f, ломи́ло n, or ломи́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and ломи́л m, ломи́ла f, ломи́ло n, or ломи́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and ломи́л m, ломи́ла f, ломи́ло n, or ломи́ли pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and ломи́л m, ломи́ла f, ломи́ло n, or ломи́ли pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| ломи́ lomí |
ломе́те lométe |
||||||
Derived terms
verbs
- взломя pf (vzlomja), взломявам impf (vzlomjavam)
- заломя pf (zalomja), заломявам impf (zalomjavam)
- изломя pf (izlomja), изломявам impf (izlomjavam)
- наломя pf (nalomja), наломявам impf (nalomjavam)
- отломя pf (otlomja), отломявам impf (otlomjavam)
- поломя pf (polomja), поломявам impf (polomjavam)
- преломя pf (prelomja), преломявам impf (prelomjavam)
- проломя pf (prolomja), проломявам impf (prolomjavam)
- разломя pf (razlomja), разломявам impf (razlomjavam)
- сломя pf (slomja), сломявам impf (slomjavam)
- уломя pf (ulomja), уломявам impf (ulomjavam)
nouns
adjectives
- ло́мен (lómen)
- ломли́в (lomlív)
Related terms
- леме́ж (leméž, “plowshare”)
- ломо́т (lomót, “mumbling”) (dialectal, originally: “fracture”)
- ломо́тя (lomótja, “to babble, to gibber”)
References
- “ломя”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “ломя”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Nayden Gerov (1899) “ломѭ́, -и́шь; -ми́лъ (ломꙗ́вамь)”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language][1] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 20
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “ломя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 467
- “ломити”, in Старобългарски речник [Dictionary of Old Bulgarian] (in Bulgarian), https://histdict.uni-sofia.bg, 2011—2025
Russian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɫɐˈmʲa]
Participle
ломя́ • (lomjá)
- present adverbial imperfective participle of ломи́ть (lomítʹ)