лом

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lomъ. Different senses probably diachronically heterogenous.

лом • (lom) m (diminutive ло́мец) (dialectal)

1. nomen acti
   1. breach, outburst, collapse

      лом и погром (idiom) ― lom i pogrom ― a state of total collapse (literally, “breach and downfall”)

   2. (figurative) rumpus, tumult, catastrophy

      положението е лом ― položenieto e lom ― the situation is catastrophic

2. nomen rei
   1. large crack, fracture, rupture, rift (result of breaching, cracking)
   2. (in toponyms) decimated or eroded area, place which has undergone a disaster
3. nomen instrumenti
   1. crowbar, heaver (instrument for pecking)

• лам (lam, “chasm”) (dialectal)
• леме́ж (leméž, “plowshare”)

• Лом (Lom) (hydronym, etymologically unrelated)
• ломо́т (lomót, “mumbling”) (onomatopoeic)

• “лом”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “лом”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• Nayden Gerov (1899) “ломъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language]‎^[1] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 20
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “лом”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 464

• лам (lam)

Borrowed from Georgian ლომი (lomi).

лом • (lom) class ?

1. lion

Borrowed from Georgian ლომი (lomi).

лом • (lom) class ?

1. lion

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lomъ.

• IPA^(key): [ɫɔm]

лом • (lom) m

1. mess, rumpus

• ломъ (lom) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lomъ.

• IPA^(key): [ɫom]

• Audio:

  (file)

лом • (lom) m inan (genitive ло́ма, nominative plural ло́мы or ломы́, genitive plural ломо́в, diminutive ло́мик)

1. digging bar, crow, (large) crowbar
   • 1887, Всеволод Гаршин [Vsevolod Garshin], Сигнал; English translation from The Signal, New York: Modern Library, 1925:

     — Васи́лий Степа́ныч! Оте́ц родно́й, голу́бчик, вороти́сь! Дай лом! Поста́вим рельс, никто́ не узна́ет. Вороти́сь, спаси́ свою́ ду́шу от греха́.

     — Vasílij Stepányč! Otéc rodnój, golúbčik, vorotísʹ! Daj lom! Postávim relʹs, niktó ne uznájet. Vorotísʹ, spasí svojú dúšu ot grexá.

     "Vasily Stepanych! My dear friend, come back! Give me the crow-bar. We will put the rail back; no one will know. Come back! Save your soul from sin!"

2. scrap, waste

• лома́ть (lomátʹ)
• металлоло́м m (metallolóm)

• → Armenian: լոմ (lom)
• → Uyghur: لوم (lom)

• мол (mol)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lomъ.

• IPA^(key): /lôːm/

ло̑м m inan (Latin spelling lȏm)

1. fracture
2. breach, breakage
3. rumpus, ruckus, uproar
4. refraction, diffraction (of light)

• “лом”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

From Proto-Slavic *lomъ.

• IPA^(key): [ɫɔm]

• Audio:

  (file)

лом • (lom) m inan (genitive ло́ма, nominative plural ломи́, genitive plural ломі́в)

1. crowbar

лом • (lom) m inan (genitive ло́му, uncountable)

1. (uncountable) scrap, waste, debris (broken items, or fit only for recycling, usually of metal)
2. (uncountable) dry branches or twigs that have fallen on the ground

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “лом”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2025), “лом”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1–15 (а – п'ять), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka; Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN