тормоз

• IPA^(key): [ˈtɔrmɔs]
• Hyphenation: тор‧моз

то́рмоз • (tórmoz) m (plural то́рмози)

1. bullying, torture, oppression, abuse, torment

• “тормоз” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu

From Ancient Greek τόρμος (tórmos, “socket into which a pin or peg is inserted”), from Proto-Indo-European *tórmos (“hole”), from Proto-Indo-European *ter- (“to rub, bore, twist”) (whence also Russian тере́ть (terétʹ) See Russian etymological dictionary—Terence R. Wade, Terence Leslie Brian Wade.

Oleg Trubachev thinks Greek origin is unlikely. Nikolai Dmitriev suggests adoption from Turkic turmaz ("not stoppable" or "pad for the wheel of waggon"). See «Лексикографический сборник», 3, 1958, p. 45

• IPA^(key): [ˈtorməs]

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то́рмоз • (tórmoz) m inan (genitive то́рмоза, nominative plural тормоза́, genitive plural тормозо́в, relational adjective тормозно́й)

1. brake, brakes
2. (figuratively) drag
3. (figuratively) slow-witted person, retard

   Synonym: тугоду́м (tugodúm)

4. (figuratively) slowpoke

• тормози́ть impf (tormozítʹ)
• тормозно́й (tormoznój)
  • тормозна́я жи́дкость f (tormoznája žídkostʹ), тормозу́ха f inan (tormozúxa)
  • тормозно́й путь m (tormoznój putʹ)

• → Armenian: տորմուզ (tormuz)
• → Azerbaijani: tormoz, tormuz
• → Kazakh: тормез (tormez)
• → Kyrgyz: тормоз (tormoz)
• → Mongolian: тоормос (toormos)
• → Persian: ترمز (tormoz)
• → Tajik: тормоз (tormoz)
• → Turkmen: tormoz
• → Uzbek: tormoz

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “тормоз”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999) “тормоз”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 251